大果榕不同花期释放挥发性有机化合物的特点  

Characteristics of volatile organic compounds emitted during different floral phases of Ficus auriculata

作　　者：贾珊 文平[1] 彭艳琼[1] JIA Shan;WEN Ping;PENG Yanqiong(CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mengla,Yunnan 666303,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,中国科学院热带森林生态学重点实验室,云南勐腊666303 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《武夷科学》2024年第1期12-20,共9页Wuyi Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32070487,32261123001)。

摘　　要：榕属(Ficus)植物具有独特的隐头花序结构,雌花开放时将释放出特定的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs),吸引专一的传粉榕小蜂为其传粉;特定的化学信号对于榕小蜂寻找、准确定位和进入雌花期隐头花序起关键性作用,然而雌花期吸引榕小蜂传粉的信号物质仍然不清楚。本研究选择雌雄异株的大果榕(Ficus auriculata),使用顶空固相微萃法提取隐头花序雌花前期、雌花期和间花期释放的VOCs,通过气相色谱质谱仪(GC-MS)分析,使用峰面积归一法计算相对含量。结果显示,3个花期共鉴定出化合物62种,其中雌花前期有33种,以单萜类为主;雌花期释放56种,以倍半萜类为主;间花期有31种,以脂肪酸衍生物为主。经主成分分析,3个花期释放的VOCs组成明显不同,表明大果榕雌花期及其传粉前后的挥发性成分组成发生了变化,进一步比较发现,雌花期变化最为显著的成分是倍半帖香根草酮类似物,其含量在雌花期最高,可能是雌花期吸引其传粉榕小蜂的活性化合物。研究结果将为深入研究榕-蜂化学通讯及互作机制提供科学依据。Plants in the genus Ficus have unique syconium(fig)structures.Fresh female flowers emit specific volatile organic compounds(VOCs)that attract specific species of pollinating fig wasps.Fig wasps must detect these chemical cues to locate and enter receptive figs with blooming female flowers for pollination and oviposition.However,the exact signaling compounds from receptive figs that attract fig wasps for pollination remain unclear.In this study,we examined dioecious Ficus auriculata,using solid-phase microextraction(SPME)to collect VOCs during the pre-female,female,and inter-flora phases.The VOCs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and their relative amounts were calculated using the area normalization method.The results showed that 62 volatile compounds were identified from figs across the three phases:pre-female figs emitted 33 VOCs,mainly monoterpenoids;female-phase figs emitted 56 VOCs,primarily sesquiterpenes;and inter-floral-phase figs emitted 31 VOCs,mainly fatty amide derivatives.Principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that the VOC profiles were distinctly different across the three floral phases,suggesting that VOC emissions from female flowers change before and after pollination.The most significant change during the female phase was in epizizanone,suggesting it could be a candidate compound for attracting pollinating fig wasps.These findings provide a scientific basis for further research into the chemical communication and interaction mechanisms between figs and fig wasps.

关 键 词：大果榕 挥发性有机化合物 隐头花序 榕-蜂互惠共生系统 

分 类 号：Q948.12[生物学—植物学]