烟蚜茧蜂内生细菌对烟草尖孢镰刀菌和青枯菌的影响  

Effects of endophytic bacteria from Aphidius gifuensis on Fusarium oxysporum and Ralstonia solanacearum of tobacco

作　　者：郑春香 顾钢[2] 周挺[2] 赖宇飞 杨晨 赖荣泉 ZHENG Chunxiang;GU Gang;ZHOU Ting;LAI Yufei;YANG Chen;LAI Rongquan(Biological Control Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops,College of Plant Protection,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Fujian Province Corporation of China National Tobacco Corporation,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China;College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai′an,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学植物保护学院,生物防治研究所/闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室,福建福州350002 [2]中国烟草总公司福建省公司,福建福州350003 [3]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《武夷科学》2024年第1期54-63,共10页Wuyi Science Journal

基　　金：中国烟草总公司福建省公司项目(2022350000240069);福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2017J01617,2020J01523)。

摘　　要：为了解烟蚜茧蜂内生细菌[短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、微小杆菌(Exiguobacterium sibiricum)、蜡质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)(黄色菌落和白色菌落)]对烟草尖孢镰刀菌和青枯菌的影响,本研究采用固体琼脂法,分别测定了该4种内生细菌对此2种病原生长的抑菌活性。结果表明,短小芽孢杆菌、蜡质芽孢杆菌(黄色菌落)对烟草尖孢镰刀菌抑制作用不显著。微小杆菌对烟草尖孢镰刀菌有显著的抑制作用,浓度为7.0×10^(6) cfu·mL^(-1)时对烟草尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用最大,其抑制率为28.27%;浓度为7.0×10^(4) cfu·mL^(-1)时的促进作用最大,其抑制率为-15.81%;其它浓度对烟草尖孢镰刀菌的抑制率在-2.89%~21.73%;浓度为7.0×10^(5) cfu·mL^(-1)处理7和14 d后其对烟草尖孢镰刀菌根腐病防效均最好,分别为32.21%和27.56%。蜡质芽孢杆菌(白色菌落)对烟草尖孢镰刀菌有显著的抑制作用,随着浓度升高,该菌落直径逐渐减小,其抑制率逐渐增强;浓度为3.4×10^(7) cfu·mL^(-1)的抑制作用最大,其抑制率为21.74%;其它浓度的抑制率在9.57%~17.39%。4种内生细菌对烟草青枯菌的抑制作用均有显著影响。短小芽孢杆菌和蜡质芽孢杆菌(白色菌落)处理12 h时,浓度分别为6.9×10^(6)和3.4×10^(5) cfu·mL^(-1)时对烟草青枯菌的抑制作用最大,其抑菌圈直径分别达2.02和2.22 mm;而微小杆菌和蜡质芽胞杆菌(黄色菌落)处理24 h时,浓度分别为7.0×10^(3)、1.5×10^(8) cfu·mL^(-1)时对烟草青枯菌的抑制作用最大,其抑菌圈直径分别为1.59和1.67 mm。蜡质芽胞杆菌(白色菌落)对烟草青枯病防效最好,浓度3.4×10^(5) cfu·mL^(-1)处理7和14 d后,其防效分别为56.11%和39.78%。因此,本试验结果可为利用烟蚜茧蜂内生细菌控制烟草尖孢镰刀菌根腐病、青枯病及研制病害抑菌剂提供科学参考。To understand the endophytic bacteria of Aphidius gifuensis[Bacillus pumilus,Exiguobacterium sibiricum,Bacillus cereus(yellow and white colonies)],the effects of these bacteria on Fusarium oxysporum and Ralstonia solanacearum were studied.The inhibitory activities of the four endophytic bacteria against F.oxysporum and R.solanacearum were examined using the solid agar method.The results showed that in the laboratory bacteriostasis test,F.oxysporum of tobacco was not significantly inhibited by B.pumilus and B.cereus(yellow colony).However,F.oxysporum of tobacco was significantly inhibited by E.sibiricum.When the E.sibiricum concentration was 7.0×10^(6) cfu·mL^(-1),the inhibition was strongest and the F.oxysporum inhibition rate was 28.27%.When the concentration was 7.0×10^(4) cfu·mL^(-1),the promotion effect was the highest,and the inhibitory rate was-15.81%.The inhibition rates of F.oxysporum of tobacco at other concentrations were in between-2.89%and 21.73%.Control effects of E.sibiricum on F.fusarium of tobacco were significantly stronger at 7.0×10^(5) cfu·mL^(-1);the rates were 32.21%and 27.56%at 7 and 14 d,respectively.Different concentrations of B.cereus(white colony)had significant inhibitory effects on F.oxysporum.As the concentration increased,the colony diameter and inhibition rate gradually decreased and increased,respectively.The inhibition effect was strongest and its rate was 21.74%when the concentration was 3.4×10^(7) cfu·mL^(-1).The inhibition rates of other concentrations were between 9.57%and 17.39%.The four endophytic bacteria had significant effects on the bacteriostatic zone diameter of R.solanacearum.The inhibition effects by B.pumilus and B.cereus(white colony)were the strongest 12 h after treatment.The antibacterial zone diameters were 2.02 and 2.22 mm when the concentrations were 6.9×10^(6) and 3.4×10^(5) cfu·mL^(-1),respectively.The inhibition effects by E.sibiricum and B.cereus(yellow colony)were strongest 24 h after treatment.The antibacterial zone diameters were 1.59 and 1.6

关 键 词：内生细菌 烟草尖孢镰刀菌 青枯菌 抑制率 防效 

分 类 号：S435.6[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] Q939.96[农业科学—植物保护]