“束矢钧金”之“证据”新解  

New interpretation of"束(Shu)矢(Shi)钧(Jun)金(Jin)"

作　　者：曹艳琼[1] Cao Yanqiong(Law School of Shanxi University,Taiyuan,Shanxi,030024)

机构地区：[1]山西大学法学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《证据科学》2024年第3期356-370,共15页Evidence Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“易经中的刑狱文化研究”(23YJA820002)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：长期以来《周礼》中的“束矢钧金”被学界解读为“诉讼费”,即便考古发现,古人在表达诉讼费的时候会用“取徵(若干)寽”的句式,也依然被认为两者趋同而少有质疑。但当其内涵套用于《周易·噬嗑》九四、六五爻辞时便发现其很难自圆其说。基于此,采用二重证据法、训诂法分别从三种假设出发进行推论:“束矢钧金为‘一百枝箭、三十斤铜’”“束矢钧金为‘诉讼费’”“束矢钧金为‘证据’”。通过探究弓矢的社会功能、钧金的流通性能、货币的起源史以及“金”“矢”等字的甲骨文、金文字形,得出结论:“束矢钧金”意指证据;并论证了其指代证据的可能性。在此基础上进一步提出:西周时期或已出现证据裁判思想的萌芽。The ancient term"束(Shu)矢(Shi)钧(Jun)金(Jin)"in"Zhou Li"has long been interpreted as litigation costs by academics.Although archeological findings show that another ancient term"取(qu)徽(zhi)(lue)"used to be used to describe litigation costs,the two terms were considered as synonyms with few doubts.However,such interpretation cannot justify itself when it is applied to the statements of"the fourth NINE"and"the fifth SIX"line of Hexagram"Shi He"of"I Ching".Therefore,based on dual attestation method and exegetical method,the meaning of"束(Shu)矢(Shi)钧(Jun)金(Jin)"can be examined in the following three assumptions:"束(Shu)矢(Shi)钧(Jun)金(Jin)"means"one hundred arrows and thirty pounds of copper","束(Shu)矢(Shi)钧(Jun)金(Jin)"means"litigation costs",and"束(Shu)矢(Shi)钧(Jun)金(Jin)"means"evidence",By investigating the social function of arrows,the circulation quality of copper,the origin of currency,and the shape of"金(Jin)"and"矢(Shi)"in oracle bone inscription and Jin inscription,it indicates that"束(Shu)矢(Shi)钧(Jun)金(Jin)"actually means evidence.This paper also demonstrates the possibility of the assumption that such term refers to evidence.In addition,this paper further argues that the idea of evidence based judgment might hypothetically have emerged in Western Zhou Dynasty.

关 键 词：束矢钧金 噬嗑 证据 证据裁判 西周 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]