东北地区入春日期变化特征及前期信号场  

Characteristics of Change in the Onset Dates of Spring and Its Early Signals in Northeast China

作　　者：李尚锋 邵祺多 尹路婷 高枞亭 廉毅 LI Shangfeng;SHAO Qiduo;YIN Luting;GAO Zongting;LIAN Yi(Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Meteorology&Climate Change/Laboratory of Research for Middle-High Latitude Circulation Systems and East Asian Monsoon,Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Jilin Province,Changchun 130062;Key Opening Laboratory for Northeast China Cold Vortex Research,Shenyang 110016)

机构地区：[1]吉林省气象科学研究所长白山气象与气候变化吉林省重点实验室/中高纬度环流系统与东亚季风研究开放实验室,长春130062 [2]东北冷涡研究重点开放实验室,沈阳110016

出　　处：《大气科学》2024年第4期1392-1404,共13页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目41875119、41630424、41975101;中国气象局创新发展专项CXFZ2022J007;吉林省科技发展计划重点研发项目20230203135SF。

摘　　要：本文利用1961~2020年水平分辨率为0.25°×0.25°的CN05.1日平均气温资料、NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析数据和NOAA逐日海表温度资料,对东北地区入春日期变化特征及前期信号场进行了分析,结果表明:(1)东北地区入春呈由南向北推进的特征,大部地区集中在第26和27候。东北地区入春日期近60年来呈显著提前的特征。(2)入春偏早典型年份,3月份东北地区地表温度和降水均呈现正距平特征,入春偏晚典型年份则相反;500 hPa环流场上,入春偏早典型年份,西西伯利亚平原、贝加尔湖和勘察加半岛存在一个低压槽、高压脊和低压槽的Ω形态环流配置,而入春偏晚典型年份,乌拉尔山地区存在一个高压脊,其东侧为一个强的斜槽,槽底位于东北地区上空,该环流配置从第22候持续到第26候。(3)入春偏早典型年份,前冬北太平洋最明显的关键区海温信号为赤道中东太平洋呈现类La Niña的模态,北大西洋格陵兰岛以南的海域和西太平洋菲律宾以东的海域为明显的海温正距平,入春偏晚典型年份则位相相反,通过相关分析发现,前冬北大西洋和西北太平洋关键区海温均对东北地区入春日期有较好的指示性。Using CN05.1 daily mean temperature data with a horizontal resolution of 0.25°×0.25°for the period 1961–2020,daily NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,and daily sea surface temperature(SST)data from NOAA,this paper explored the variation characteristics of the onset dates of spring and their early signals over Northeast China(NEC).It was revealed that(1)the spatial distribution characteristics of the onset dates of spring over NEC showed a progressively later pattern from south to north.The maximum spring area was primarily concentrated in the 26th and 27th pentads,and the advanced trend was evident in the recent 60 years.(2)In the years with early-starting spring,positive temperature and precipitation anomalies emerged in March over NEC and an“Ω”circulation pattern at 500 hPa was observed over the West Siberian Plain,Baikal,and Kamchatka Peninsula.Meanwhile,in the years with late-starting spring,negative temperature and precipitation anomalies were found in March over NEC,and a high-pressure ridge in the Ural Mountains was observed,with a large-scale tilted ridge on the east side,which lasted from the 22nd pentad to the 26th pentad.(3)La Niña-related SST anomalies were found over the equatorial central eastern Pacific,while positive ones were observed in the ocean south of Greenland and east of the Philippines in the years of early-starting spring,which was opposite in the years of late-starting spring.In addition,by correlation analysis,SST anomalies during the preceding winter(i.e.,December-January-February,referred to as DJF)in the ocean south of Greenland and east of the Philippines had a better indication for the onset dates of spring.

关 键 词：东北地区 入春日期 前期信号 环流配置 

分 类 号：P466[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]