城市生态学长期监测的几个关键问题  

Several key issues in long⁃term monitoring of urban ecology

作　　者：王效科[1,2,3] 任玉芬 张红星[1,3] 孙旭 苏芝敏[1,3] 李铣[1,2] 欧阳志云 WANG Xiaoke;REN Yufen;ZHANG Hongxing;SUN Xu;SU Zhimin;LI Xian;OUYANG Zhiyun(Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China;Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学资源环境学院,北京101408 [3]中国科学院北京城市生态系统研究站,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第14期5945-5959,共15页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32271627);科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100703)。

摘　　要：伴随城市人口快速聚集及人类活动加剧,城市生态环境质量及其对人类社会经济发展的支撑能力正在受到严重挑战,城市生态系统及其变化的研究越来越受到重视,国内外涌现出大量城市生态学长期监测工作,但相关监测方法的讨论还很少。在分析城市生态学长期监测类型和实践经验基础上,从城市面临的环境胁迫和建设管理需求出发,构建了城市生态学长期监测的“胁迫+需求-生态系统响应”总体思路框架;从科学上最基本和社会上最关心的城市生态系统要素、格局和过程着眼,提出城市生态学长期监测的7项内容(土地覆盖与利用、人居环境质量、生物多样性、生物质生产、水文过程、生物地球化学循环和物质代谢);并分析了城市生态学长期监测的4种方法(遥感监测、仪器监测、调查监测、公众科学监测),分析了城市生态学长期监测单元及其空间布局及监测频率。这将为我国城市生态学长期监测工作开展提供方法论基础和实践参考。With the acceleration of urbanization and human activities,the quality of urban ecological environment and its ability to support human social and economic development are being seriously degraded.More and more attention has been paid to the study of urban ecosystem and its changes,and a large number of long⁃term monitoring work of urban ecology has emerged,but there is little discussion on the monitoring methodology.Ecological monitoring is the process of multiple(continuous)observations of ecosystems to collect information on the status and changes of ecosystem elements,structures,processes,functions,and services in different time and space,providing basic data and decision⁃making basis for ecosystem evaluation,restoration,and management.The main tasks of long⁃term monitoring of urban ecology include:(1)building a long⁃term investigation and observation system for urban ecosystems,including monitoring systems for major environmental factors,ecological investigation sample plots,ecological processes and functional observation systems,etc.(2)observing urban ecosystem elements,structures,processes and functional states and their changes,(3)collecting information on human interference and management in cities,(4)Collecting and preserving urban environment and biological samples,and(5)providing and publishing information and warnings on urban ecological environment and its changes.Based on the revies of the types and practical experiences of long⁃term ecological monitoring,and focusing on the main tasks of long⁃term monitoring of urban ecology,this paper constructs the overall thinking framework of“stress+demand⁃ecosystem response”for long⁃term monitoring of urban ecology from the perspective of environmental stress and the requirement of urban construction management,and summarizes 7 core fields(land cover/use,human habitat quality,biodiversity,biomass production,hydrological process,biogeochemical cycle,and material metabolism)based on the factors,patterns and processes of urban ecosystem which

关 键 词：城市生态学 长期监测 监测内容 监测方法 监测频率 

分 类 号：C912.81[经济管理] X830[社会学]