中国南海海域海洋深层水细菌多样性  

Bacterial diversity in deep sea water in the South China Sea

作　　者：陈世喜 陈梅 李娜 邹远超[1,2] 袁万安 CHEN Shixi;CHEN Mei;LI Na;ZOU Yuanchao;YUAN Wanan(Neijiang Normal University,Neijiang 641100,China;Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Neijiang Normal University,Neijiang 641100,China;Sanya Institute of South China Sea Geology,Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,Academy Of South China Sea Geological Science,China Geological Survey,Sanya 572024,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources,Guangzhou 511458,China)

机构地区：[1]内江师范学院,内江641100 [2]长江上游鱼类资源保护与利用四川省重点实验室,内江641100 [3]广州海洋地质调查局三亚南海地质研究所,中国地质调查局南海地质科学院,三亚572024 [4]自然资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室,广州511458

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第14期6373-6382,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家工程研究中心创新团队项目(2022GMGSCXYF410010);四川省科学技术厅(2022NSFSC1721)。

摘　　要：中国南海与作为海洋生物多样性中心的印太珊瑚大三角区具有一定的环境与生物连通性,其生境多样,为各种生物类群提供了有利的热带和亚热带海洋环境栖息地,具有极其丰富的生物多样性,是中国海洋生物多样性热点地区,也是重要的海洋生物多样性资源宝库。海洋细菌在生态系统循环中发挥重要作用,通过对南海海洋深层水细菌的探测,可以更加清晰地了解西太平洋和印太交汇区的生物多样性。研究基于参加开放项目获得的南海的深海站点水样,采用高通量测序进行了16S rRNA基因序列测序,分析了南海深海海水细菌群落多样性、菌群构成和多样性特征。该站点南海海洋深层水测定的细菌分属于15门、20纲、24目、86科、140属、150种,表明该区海洋深层水细菌群落丰富。测得优势菌属包括类芽胞杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、海旋菌属(Thalassospira)、噬甲基菌属(Methylophaga)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、纤细芽胞杆菌属(Gracilibacillus)、海洋芽胞杆菌属(Oceanobacillus)、海源菌属(Idiomarina)、嗜油菌属(Oleiphilus)、食碱菌属(Alcanivorax),这些属的细菌在生物材料或药物、生物燃料、水处理、降解石油烃等方面均有开发利用的潜力。属内的解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Lentibacillus amyloliquefaciens)、施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)、柴油食烷菌(Alcanivorax dieselolei)、三浦半岛盐乳杆菌(Halolactibacillus miurensis)、海迪茨氏菌(Dietzia maris)可以具体鉴定到种,这些深海细菌目前已在产抗生素、生物防治、石油降解、反硝化等方面被开发利用。基于高通量测序显示出采样点南海海洋深层水细菌具有独特菌群特征和多样性,有其极为丰富的生物学开发利用价值。The South China Sea and the Indo⁃Pacific Coral Triangle,two of the most ecologically significant regions on Earth,are intricately connected in terms of environmental and biological diversity.The South China Sea stands out as a global hotspot for marine biodiversity,hosting an unparalleled array of habitats that support an incredibly diverse range of species.The tropical and subtropical marine environments found in these regions offer ideal conditions for the proliferation and sustenance of a wide variety of marine life forms,contributing to the richness of China′s marine biodiversity and serving as a vital repository of marine resources.Within marine ecosystems,marine bacteria play a crucial role in driving ecosystem processes and maintaining ecological balance.This study can gain valuable insights into the biodiversity of the Western Pacific and the Indo⁃Pacific convergence zone,by studying deep⁃water bacteria in the South China Sea.Through the analysis of water samples collected from deep⁃sea sites in the South China Sea as part of an open research initiative,the analysis result have been able to uncover the intricate diversity and composition of deep⁃sea marine bacterial communities using advanced high⁃throughput sequencing techniques for 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The results of this study revealed a remarkable diversity of bacterial taxa present in the deep⁃sea waters of the South China Sea,encompassing 15 phyla,20 classes,24 orders,86 families,140 genera,and 150 species.Among these,several dominant genera such as Paenibacillus,Bacillus,Thalassospira,Methylophaga,Bacteroides,Gracilibacillus,Oceanobacillus,Idiomarina,Oleiphilus,and Alcanivorax were identified,each with unique characteristics and potential applications in various fields including biotechnology,biofuel production,and environmental remediation.Furthermore,specific species of deep⁃sea bacteria such as Lentibacillus amyloliquefaciens,Pseudomonas stutzeri,Alcanivorax dieselolei,Halolactibacillus miurensis,and Dietzia maris have been

关 键 词：中国南海 海洋深层水 16S rRNA 细菌多样性 

分 类 号：Q938.1[生物学—微生物学]