石油钻机风冷式电磁涡流刹车存在的问题与改进方法  

Problems and Improvement Methods of Air-cooled Electromagnetic Eddy Current Brake for Oil Drilling Rig

作　　者：张茂盛 Zhang Maosheng(Hunan Drilling Branch of Sinopec Southwest Petroleum Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Changsha Hunan 410007)

机构地区：[1]中石化西南石油工程有限公司湖南钻井分公司,湖南长沙410007

出　　处：《中外能源》2024年第8期61-67,共7页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：石油钻机配套的风冷式电磁涡流刹车主要包括刹车本体、散热装置、整流装置等关键部件。随着深井和超深井越来越多,风冷式电磁涡流刹车因自身结构原因造成的制动能力不足问题愈发突出。在深井和超深井下钻过程中,钻具越来越长、越来越重,下钻产生的热量也越来越大,散热装置的缺陷日益凸显,一方面导致制动力矩大幅下降,另一方面可能发生定子和转子“抱死”现象,甚至烧毁励磁绕组。同时还存在可控硅整流装置不能对励磁电流进行反馈,系统运行状态监测不准确,司钻操作人员操作方式不正确等问题。针对这些问题,可以通过降低转子的热变形,降低下钻速度,改造冷却方式,将可控硅整流装置由开环控制系统升级为闭环控制系统,完善电磁刹车运行状态指示,纠正司钻操作习惯等一系列措施和方法 ,实现风冷式电磁涡流刹车在使用过程中的安全性和稳定性。The air-cooled electromagnetic eddy current brakes for oil drilling rigs mainly include a brake body,heat sink,rectifier device,and other keycomponents.With the increasing number of deep and ultra-deep wells,the problem of insufficient braking capacity of air-cooled electromagnetic eddy current brakes due to their structures is becoming more and more prominent.In drilling deep and ultra-deep wells,the drilling tool is getting longer and heavier,and more and more heat quality is formed.The defects of the heat sink are in-creasingly prominent,which leads to a significant drop in braking torque on one hand,the stator and rotor may be"locked"on the other hand,and even the excitation winding may be burned.At the same time,the silicon-controlled rectifier cannot feedback the excitation current,the system running status monitoring is inac-curate,and the driller's operation mode is incorrect.To solve these problems,a series of measures and meth-ods can be taken to achieve the safety and stability of the air-cooled electromagnetic eddy current brake during use,such as weakening the thermal deformation of the rotor,reducing the drilling speed,modifying the cooling mode,upgrading the silicon controlled rectifier from an open loop control system to a closed loop control system,improving the electromagnetic brake operation status indication,correcting the driller's operating habits.

关 键 词：电磁涡流刹车 风冷式 散热装置 制动力矩 整流装置 状态指示 

分 类 号：TE922[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]