司法的政治属性:欧美法律思想史的审视  

The Political Attribute of Judiciary: An Examination from the History of European and American Legal Thoughts

作　　者：徐爱国[1] Xu Aiguo(Law School,Peking University,Beijing100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期110-122,共13页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：司法活动与政治权力的关系,一直是西方思想史上讨论的话题。司法活动与政治权力保持距离,还是政治权力决定了司法活动的性质,欧美法律思想家们一直争论不休。历史上看,司法权历来是国家治权的一个部分,政治从来不缺席司法活动。以欧美法律思想史的角度看,古代学者认为,司法活动是政治生活的一部分;现代学者则确信,司法活动的理想状态是保持政治上的中立,反对政治干涉司法。进入20世纪之后,欧美的法律社会学、法律现实主义和法律政治学对法律的自由主义理论提出质疑,分别从法律与社会、法律与法官个性、法律与权力动力学的角度批判司法中立的虚构和幻想,认定即使在现代社会,司法的政治属性仍以隐形的方式存在。他们揭示出司法活动中的政治逐力与意识形态较量。The relationship between judicial activities and political power has long been a topic of discussion in the Western history of thought. The debate over whether judicial activities should remain distanced from political power or whether political power determines the nature of judicial activities has spurred ongoing disputes among legal scholars in Europe and America. Throughout history, judicial power has always been a part of national governance, and politics has never been absent from judicial activities. From the perspective of the history of European and American legal thoughts, ancient scholars believed that judicial activities were a part of political life, while modern scholars are convinced that the ideal state of judicial activities is to maintain political neutrality and to oppose political interference in the judiciary. Moving into the 20th century, legal sociology, legal realism, and legal politics in Europe and America have challenged the liberal theories of law, and criticized the fiction and fantasy of judicial neutrality from the perspectives of law and society, judicial personalities, and legal dynamics. They assert that, even in contemporary society, the political attribute of judiciary still exists in an invisible way, revealing the political and ideological struggle in judicial activities.

关 键 词：司法的政治属性 司法能动主义 司法政治学 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]