基于预期理论的延续副词研究——以“依然、依旧、仍然、仍旧”为例  

From Temporal Duration to Counter-expectation-A Case Study on Yiran(依然),Yijiu(依旧),Rengran(仍然),Rengjiu(仍旧)

作　　者：姜毅宁 Jiang Yining

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系,上海200433

出　　处：《语言研究集刊》2024年第1期61-83,M0005,M0006,共25页Bulletin of Linguistic Studies

摘　　要：文章选取了语义较为单纯的“依然、依旧、仍然、仍旧”四个延续副词,详细考察了延续副词的语义特征和语篇类型。延续副词的延续义是预设义,它是不能被取消的。当延续副词用在当前信息句中充当焦点信息时,它以出现在具有逆转关系的转折、让步、无条件复句的结果小句中为主,表达的是情状的延续与人的预期不符合,延续副词从而具有了反预期义的解读。但这种反预期义并未完全规约化,所以延续副词还可以出现在预期结构中的条件和预期部分,只表达延续义。不同的延续副词反预期义的规约化程度不同,对于“依然、依旧、仍然、仍旧”,它们只能算作是兼用的反预期标记。When the predicate situation of the time adverb yiran,yjiu,rengran rengjiu encodes the feature of[+continuity],the predicate situation continues in the content domain;when it encodes the feature of[+consequence],the predicate situation continues in the epistemic domain.The two meaning features share the same structure of the expectation,and the anti-expectation meaning develops on the basis of the continued meaning.Due to the prominence of antiexpectation meaning,in terms of discourse structure,continuative time adverbs mainly appear in foreground clauses,forming a discourse structure of"conditions change,results continue",and the lexical semantics is consistent with the textual semantics.When the continuative time adverb appears in the background clause,two discourse types are formed a discourse structure of"condition continuation,result change"or"condition continuation,result continuation or corresponding change",the lexical semantic is suppressed,and the resulted discourse expresses positive expected information and anti-expected information.

关 键 词：依然/依旧/仍然/仍旧 延续义 反预期义 预期结构 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]