上古汉语“如何”“何如”关系考  

A Study on the Relationship Between Ruhe(如何)and Heru(何如)in Ancient Chinese

作　　者：温晓萌 Wen Xiaomeng

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,成都610207

出　　处：《语言研究集刊》2024年第1期100-114,M0006,M0007,共17页Bulletin of Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“大型语文辞书编纂与修订研究”(项目编号17AYY018)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：上古汉语中“如何”“何如”在表示询问情状、征求意见、反诘、询问方法、询问原因等含义时,可以互换。“如何”由“如×”与“何”构成的状中结构省略而来;“何如”主要由“像什么”义引申而来,为宾语前置的动宾结构。来源的不同导致了各义项间使用数量的差异,语义重心的凸显又使得二者殊途同归。“如何”并非疑问代词宾语前置规则的例外,但受此影响,在上古汉语中使用频率较低。In ancient Chinese,ruhe(如何)and heru(何如)can be interchanged in the situation of asking characteristics,soliciting opinions,asking for methods,inquiring reasons or expressing a rhetorical question.Ruhe(如何)is an omitted form of ru X he(如X何),which is a adverbialcentred structure.Heru(何如)is mainly derived from the meaning of"looks like what",which is an object-verb structure.Different sources lead to differences between the usage quantity of different semantic item,but the prominence of semantic focus makes the two words come to the same way.Ruhe(如何)is not an exception to the rule of fronted object when interrogative pronouns as objects.But influenced by this rule,it was used less frequently in ancient Chinese.

关 键 词：如何 何如 结构 来源 关系 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]