豫南方言“VP着”的功能、语序类型及跨方言比较  

A Crossdialectal Analysis of the Function and Word Order Types of the VP-zhe Construction in Southern Henan Dialects

作　　者：高顺全[1] Gao Shunquan

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际文化交流学院,上海200433

出　　处：《语言研究集刊》2024年第1期188-204,M0009,共18页Bulletin of Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“处于三大官话次方言交汇地带的豫南方言语法研究”(项目编号18BYY037)成果。

摘　　要：豫南方言的“VP着”有5种功能:1)表示两个动作事理上的先后次序;2)表示某一动作的时间;3)表示时间性条件;4)表示会话性条件;5)表示警告或提醒。跨方言的比较发现,基本功能为表示两个动作事理先后次序的“VP着”在不同方言中的衍生功能数量不一,“VP着”与伴随小句之间的方言语序类型有“在前”“在后”和“两可”三种。在前型的“着”连接功能较强;在后型的“着”语气功能较强。汉语其他方言同样具有表示动作事理先后次序功能的“VP可/起/先”都属于“在前型”。有些方言的“VP着/起/先”能用于疑问句,但“着/起/先”并不表示或加强疑问语气。This paper elucidates the five functions of VP-zhe(着)in Southern Henan dialects:1)suggesting the event sequence of two actions;2)indicating the timing of a specific action;3)demonstrating the temporal conditions;4)illustrating conversational conditions;5)expressing a reminder or a warning.Cross-dialectal comparisons reveal that VP-zhe(着),primarily indicating the event sequence of actions,manifests distinct extensional functions across different dialects.Three dialectal word order types exist between VP-zhe(着)and its concomitant clause:"pre the clause""post the clause",and"both are accepted".The prepositional VP-zhe(着)exhibits a stronger connective function,while the postpositional VP-zhe(着)displays a stronger modal function.In other Chinese dialects,VP ke(可)/qi(起)/xian(先),which expresses a similar event order of actions is also in the prepositional form.In some dialects,VP ke(着)/qi(起)/xian(先)can be used in interrogative questions,but zhe(着),ke(可),xian(先)per se does not convey or emphasize interrogative mood.

关 键 词：豫南方言 VP着 功能 语序类型 方言比较 

分 类 号：H172[语言文字—汉语]