252例过敏性哮喘患者体质分布特征及临床资料分析  

Constitution Distribution and Clinical Data of 252 Patients with Allergic Asthma

作　　者：张诗瑜 崔红生 高英洁 弓雪峰 王佳美 吕明圣 候丹 张馨予 郭琦 黄贵锐 程思益 张志杰 ZHANG Shiyu;CUI Hongsheng;GAO Yingjie;GONG Xuefeng;WANG Jiamei;LYU Mingsheng;HOU Dan;ZHANG Xinyu;GUO Qi;HUANG Guirui;CHENG Siyi;ZHANG Zhijie(Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital,Beijing 100029,China;Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学第三附属医院,北京100029 [2]北京中医药大学,北京100029

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第16期110-116,共7页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82274497)。

摘　　要：目的:通过横断面研究的方法,分析过敏性哮喘患者兼夹体质的分布特点,为过敏性哮喘的调体及治疗提供依据。方法:选取于2021年12月至2023年9月门诊就诊的过敏性哮喘患者,采用问卷调查的方式,收集患者的临床资料,分析过敏性哮喘患者的兼夹体质分布规律及过敏性哮喘特禀质患者性别、年龄、体质量指数、合并过敏性疾病、过敏史、家族史、蓄养宠物情况、呼出气一氧化氮等与体质的相关性。结果:研究共纳入过敏性哮喘患者252例,男女比为1∶1.5,青年占比最高。单纯特禀质占比最高,特禀质兼夹其他体质依次为阳虚质、气虚质、气郁质、痰湿质、湿热质、阴虚质、和血瘀质。兼夹一种体质有58例,阳虚质占比最高。兼夹两种体质有38例,气虚质+阳虚质数量最多。超重或肥胖患者共116例;共48例患者有过敏性疾病家族史,117例患者有过敏史;70例患者养宠物,养宠物与对猫狗毛过敏有相关性(P<0.05);202例的患者合并其他过敏性疾病,过敏性鼻炎、荨麻疹和湿疹是合并最多的三类疾病;嗜酸性气道炎症患者有177人。过敏性哮喘证型依次排列为风哮证134例(53.17%)、热哮证51例(20.24%)、寒哮证32例(12.7%)、虚哮证15例(5.95%)、气郁哮证14例(5.56%)、瘀哮证6例(2.38%)。二元Logistic回归分析结果提示,女性阳虚质与气郁质较男性多;年龄越大出现痰湿质与湿热质可能性越小;体质量指数与痰湿质呈正相关,与阳虚质呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:过敏性哮喘以特禀质为主,风哮证为最常见的证型。特禀质与其他偏颇体质兼夹致使过敏性哮喘反复发作,兼夹体质中气虚质、阳虚质多见。过敏性哮喘中女性、青年发病率更高,女性更易兼夹阳虚质和气郁质。肥胖可能是过敏性哮喘的重要危险因素,肥胖者更易兼夹痰湿质和湿热质。宠物接触、过敏性鼻炎可能与过敏性哮喘控制不佳有关。Objective:A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the constitution distribution characteristics of patients with allergic asthma,aiming to provide a basis for the regulation of constitution and the treatment of allergic asthma.Method:The patients with allergic asthma treated in the outpatient clinic from December 2021 to September 2023 were selected.The clinical data of the patients were collected by a questionnaire survey.The composite constitution distribution characteristics of the patients and the correlations of constitution with gender,age,body mass index(BMI),comorbid allergic diseases,history of allergy,family history,keeping pets,and fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)in the patients with special constitution were analyzed.Result:A total of 252 patients with allergic asthma were included in this study,with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶1.5,and the proportion of young people was the highest.The proportion of special constitution alone was the highest,and the proportions of other constitutions combined with special constitution followed the order of Yang deficiency,Qi deficiency,Qi depression,phlegm dampness,dampness heat,Yin deficiency,and blood stasis.There were 58 patients with special constitution combined with one other constitution,of which Yang deficiency accounted for the highest proportion.There were 38 patients with special constitution combined with two other constitutions,of which Qi deficiency+Yang deficiency was the most common.Among the patients,116,48,and 117 patients were overweight or obese,had a family history of allergic diseases,and had a history of allergy,respectively.Seventy patients kept pets,and there was a correlation between keeping pets and allergy to cat and dog hair(P<0.05).Other allergic diseases complicated with allergic asthma occurred in 202 patients,being dominated by allergic rhinitis,urticaria,and eczema.There were 177 patients with eosinophilic airway inflammation.The patients with allergic asthma mainly presented the syndromes of wind asthma(134,53.17%),he

关 键 词：过敏性哮喘 体质特点 特禀质 兼夹体质 临床资料 

分 类 号：R2-0[医药卫生—中医学] R22R242R287R256.12