2015—2022年北京市环境放射性水平监测与评价  

Monitoring and evaluation of environmental radioactivity levels in Beijing,China,2015—2022

作　　者：吕旭雅 李雪贞 李慧萍 史鑫源 LYU Xuya;LI Xuezhen;LI Huiping;SHI Xinyuan(Beijing Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center,Beijing 100089 China)

机构地区：[1]北京市核与辐射安全中心,北京100089

出　　处：《中国辐射卫生》2024年第3期323-330,共8页Chinese Journal of Radiological Health

摘　　要：目的调查北京市辐射环境现状,为北京市辐射环境监测和管理工作提供数据支持。方法监测2015—2022年北京市环境地表γ辐射剂量率、气溶胶、沉降物、地表水、土壤样品放射性水平,采用统计图、统计表呈现该地区各个环境要素中放射性水平情况,并对相关问题进行探讨。结果γ辐射剂量率自动与累积监测结果处于当地天然本底涨落范围内;气溶胶中铍-7、铅-210、钋-210的放射性水平呈现夏季低、冬季高的趋势,沉降物中总α、总β以及铍-7的放射性水平呈现冬季低,夏季高的趋势,钾-40在气溶胶及沉降物中的活度浓度随季节变化不明显;地表水总α、总β放射性水平整体上在本底范围内波动,水库水均在《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)规定的标准限值内;土壤中天然放射性核素处于天然本底涨落范围内,人工放射性核素处于历年正常涨落范围内。结论2015—2022年北京市环境地表γ辐射剂量率气溶胶、沉降物、地表水、土壤放射性水平总体情况良好,均在环境本底范围内波动。Objective To investigate the present situation of radiation environment in Beijing and provide data support for monitoring and management of radiation environment in Beijing.Methods Theγradiation dose rate of environmental surface as well as the radioactive levels of aerosol,sediment,surface water,and soil samples were monitored in Beijing from 2015 to 2022.The radioactive levels of various environmental elements in this area were presented using statistical charts and statistical tables,and the related issues were discussed.Results The automatic monitoring and cumulative monitoring results ofγradiation dose rate were in the range of local natural background fluctuation.The radioactive levels of beryllium-7,lead-210,and polonium-210 in aerosols were low in summer and high in winter.The radioactive levels of totalα,totalβ,and beryllium-7 in sediments were low in winter and high in summer.The activity concentration of radionuclide potassium-40 in aerosols and sediments did not change significantly with seasons.The totalαand totalβradioactivity levels of surface water fluctuated within the range of background.These values of reservoir water were within the limits specified in the Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water(GB 5749—2006).Natural radionuclides in soil were within the range of natural background fluctuation,and artificial radionuclides in soil were within the range of normal fluctuation over the years.Conclusion From 2015 to 2022,the environmental surfaceγradiation dose rate as well as aerosol,sediment,surface water,and soil radioactivity levels in Beijing were generally low,all of which fluctuated within the environmental background.

关 键 词：放射性 Γ辐射剂量率 空气 水 土壤 

分 类 号：X591[环境科学与工程—环境工程]