长久不变与土地延包:关系诠释与现实困境  

Rural land contract permanency and land contract extension:relationship and difficulties

作　　者：姚志 刘健[1] 张力元 YAO Zhi;LIU Jian;ZHANG Liyuan(College of Economics and Management,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学经济与管理学院,湖北荆州434023

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期41-52,F0002,共13页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：湖北省教育厅科学研究计划资助项目“新阶段湖北省中国农村土地延包问题的战略解构及路径研究”(Q20221316);2022年湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究重点项目“湖北耕地‘非农化’与‘非粮化’的空间分布、影响评估与遏制对策研究”(22D036);长江大学社会科学基金重点项目“进城落户农民耕地利用效率、延包方案与产权细化研究”(2022csz01)。

摘　　要：长久不变政策出台后如何处置二轮到期后特殊农民群体的承包地问题亟待解决。长久不变的具体内涵是,长久不变不是“永久不变”,更不是“私有化”,“长久”一定是“有期限”的“长久”。土地延包与长久不变并不冲突,两者是辩证统一的关系。中国农村土地延包历史由来已久,存在“阶段性与公平性”的典型特征。到期处置农村承包地的理论逻辑是关系型和市场化的配置方式会导致差异化的配置结果,也是突破农村人地要素错配格局的需要。未来延包时点,应赋予无地少地农户群体延包的权利,而有序取缔失地农民和进城多年安家落户农民的延包资格。“直接顺延:继续执行生不增死不减”的延包方案可能适用于人地矛盾少的区域。据此,建议各地清晰界定“何为集体经济组织成员”资格权,细化农地“三权分置”后产权内涵与外延,探索具体化、多样化、特色化的延包方案。It is urgent to deal with special farmers’problem of contracted land extension after the second-round expiration after permanency policy is introduced.The specific connotation of permanency is not"abosolute permanency",let alone"privatization",and"permanency"must be"permanency with a time limit".There is no conflict between land contract extension and permanency,but the relationship between them is dialectical and unified.China's rural land extension has a long history,which has the typical characteristics of"stage and fairness".In the future,farmers with less land should be given the right to extend the contract while farmers who lost their land and settled in cities should be deprived of the qualification of extending the contract.The"direct extension--the continuation of the implementation of life without increasing and death without decreasing"may only be applicable to regions with few contradictions between man and land.Therefore,it proposes all locality clearly define the qualification rights of"what are the members of collective economic organizations",refine the connotation and extension of property rights after the"three rights separation"of agricultural land to explore specific,diversified and characteristic extension schemes.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 农地制度 延包问题 长久不变 现实困境 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]