晋语“们”类成分探源  

The Origin of“Men”(们)in Jin Dialect

作　　者：史秀菊[1] 王海立 SHI Xiuju;WANG Haili(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学文学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期1-11,共11页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“语言接触视域下的晋语指代词比较研究”(22BYY049);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“山西方言指示与称代范畴研究”(20YJA740036)。

摘　　要：晋语吕梁片、上党片和五台片的第一人称代词中,有一些和“我”“我们”读音迥异的形式,分别读作[mE][mЗ][mei][mi][mɑ][Зη]等,我们记作“每”“弭”“氓=”“们”。这些都是独立的人称代词或复数人称代词的词根。根据晋语人称代词与阿尔泰语言人称代词相同或相近的多个特点判断,“每”“弭”“氓^(=)”“们”等应是来自阿尔泰语的代词,进入晋语后逐步形成了“我+们”的结构。后经过删略机制,“们”类成分独立出现在领属位置,然后向主宾语位置扩展,在晋语中逐步形成了一个循环演化圈,即:我+们主宾→们领属→们主宾→们+词尾主宾。In the first person pronouns of Lvliang cluster,Shangdang cluster and Wutai cluster of Jin dialect,there are some forms which are quite different from“wo”(我)and“wo men”(我们),which are pronounced as[m?][m?][mε][mei][mi][mɑ][mεη]and so on.We write them as“每”“弭”“氓~=”“们”.They are independent personal pronouns or the roots of plural personal pronouns.According to the same or similar features of personal pronouns of Jin dialect and Altaic personal pronouns,“mei”(每)“mi”(弭)“mang”(氓^(=))“men”(们)should be pronouns from Altaic languages,which gradually formed the“wo+men”structure after entering Jin dialect,and through a deletion mechanism,the elements of“men”appeared in the position of the possession independently,and then extended to the position of subject and object,gradually forming a circle of evolution in Jin dialect,namely:“wo+men”(我+们)_(subject and object)→“men”(们)_(possession)→“men”(们)_(subject and object)→“men+suffix”_(subject and object).

关 键 词：晋语 人称代词 阿尔泰语 们 

分 类 号：H172.2[语言文字—汉语] H04