典型浅海环境参数对声传播损失影响及试验验证  

Effects and Experimental Verification of Typical Shallow Sea Environmental Parameters on Acoustic Transmission Loss

作　　者：刘力溟 冯伟佳 计方[1] 李国楠 鹿绍庆 LIU Liming;FENG Weijia;JI Fang;LI Guonan;LU Shaoqing(China Ship Research and Development Academy,Beijing 100192,China)

机构地区：[1]中国舰船研究院,北京100192

出　　处：《数字海洋与水下攻防》2024年第3期246-252,共7页Digital Ocean & Underwater Warfare

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“融合海洋环境及浅海信道的大型水下航行体低频线谱特征预报与方法研究”(52371356)。

摘　　要：针对典型浅海环境参数对声传播损失影响问题,提出了一种基于海底边界反射系数修正的改进耦合简正波–抛物方程模型,设计并开展了典型南海海域声传播损失测试试验,模型相对误差小于4%、均方根误差小于3dB,验证了模型的准确性。接着,分别对声速剖面、海面海况、海底底质、海底地形4种海洋环境参数,设计了5种工况,进行仿真计算分析。得出声速剖面主要影响声会聚区的分布,负梯度下声会聚区能量多集中于海底和声源深度附近,而正梯度下声会聚区能量多集中于海面附近;浅海环境下声传播损失分布受海面海况、海底底质因素影响较大;海底地形是影响水下声传播损失的主要因素,海底斜坡既可以汇集声波能量,也可以使其发散。Aiming at the problem of the influence of typical shallow sea environmental parameters on acoustic propagation loss,an improved coupled simple positive wave-parabolic equation model based on correction of reflection coefficient of seabed boundary is proposed.An acoustic propagation loss test in typical South China Sea waters is designed and carried.The relative error is less than 4%and the root mean square error is less than 3dB,which verifies the accuracy of the model.Then,five working conditions are designed for four marine environmental parameters,namely sound velocity profile,sea surface state,seafloor sediments and seabed topography,and simulation calculation and analysis are carried out.The results show that the sound velocity profile mainly affects the distribution of the acoustic convergence zone,and the energy of the acoustic convergence zone is mostly concentrated near the seabed and the depth of the sound source under the negative gradient,while the energy of the acoustic convergence zone is mostly concentrated near the sea surface under the positive gradient.The distribution of acoustic propagation loss in shallow sea environment is greatly affected by sea surface state and seafloor sediments.Seabed topography is the main factor affecting underwater acoustic propagation loss,and seabed slope can collect the energy of acoustic wave or disperse it.

关 键 词：声传播损失 浅海环境 典型海洋环境 试验验证 

分 类 号：U661.44[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]