中国需要什么样的宪法理论和方法?——作为方法的宪法变迁  

What Kind of Constitutional Theory and Methodology Does China Need?Constitutional Changes as a Method

作　　者：李忠夏 LI Zhongxia(Law School,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学习近平法治思想研究中心

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2024年第4期1-15,共15页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金重大项目“宪法学方法论:中国宪法学自主知识体系的构建”(23XNL003);北京市社会科学基金规划重点项目“全过程人民民主的宪法基础:基于中国宪法学自主知识体系的研究”(22PXA006)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：法学方法曾被视为是法学科学性的体现,是通往法学问题唯一正解的途径。在“唯一正解”的幻象破灭之后,法学方法一度祛魅,甚至被视为是可有可无的,沦为政治立场的包装。这两种观点都存在偏颇之处,法学方法既不是价值中立的,但也绝非任意。宪法学方法同样如此。中国宪法学的方法论体系构建必须直面“中国宪法”的双重特殊性:即中国的特殊性和宪法的特殊性。宪法方法的特殊性在于,宪法必须为整个法律体系进行价值奠基。中国宪法方法的特殊性则在于,必须立足于近代以来中国宪法整体变迁的情势,把握现行宪法的变与不变,将中国宪法变迁的内在逻辑作为理解“八二宪法”的前提或者说前结构,即以宪法变迁为方法。在这个基础上,可以对中国宪法的方法体系进行理论、知识和解释的三重建构。只有在整体宪法变迁的视野中,才可以对原旨主义方法有正确的运用,从而在具体宪法解释当中平衡原旨和变迁两个方面。The methodology of jurisprudence was once seen as the embodiment of the scientific na-ture of jurisprudence,the only approach to the sole correct solution to legal problems.After the il-lusion of the"sole correct solution"was shattered,the allure of jurisprudential methods waned,even being regarded as being dispensable,relegated to the guise of political positions.Both views are biased.Jurisprudential methods are neither value-neutral nor arbitrary.The same applies to constitutional law methodology.The construction of the methodological system of Chinese constitutional law must be confronted with the dual uniqueness of"Chinese Constitution",namely,the uniqueness of China and the uniqueness of the constitution itself.The uniqueness of constitutional methodology lies in the fact that the constitution must lay the foundation for the values of the entire legal system.The uniqueness of Chinese constitutional methodology lies in the necessity to base it on the situation of China's constitutional changes since modern times,grasp the continuity and changes of the current constitution,and regard the inherent logic of the evolution of Chinese constitutional changes as a premise or precondition for understanding the"1982 Constitution",which is to take constitutional changes as a method.Based on this,the methodological system of Chinese constitutional law can be reconstructed theoretically,knowledgeably,and interpretatively.Only with the perspective of the overall constitutional change can the originalist method be correctly applied and thus balance both the original intent and the changes in specific constitutional interpretations.

关 键 词：宪法变迁 宪法学方法论 原旨主义 中国宪法理论 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]