环糊精材料在放射性离子吸附分离中的应用研究进展  

Research Advances of Application of Cyclodextrin Based Materials in Adsorption and Separation of Radioactive Ions

作　　者：王文涛 袁中伟[1] 呼逸夫 张烨 晏太红[1] WANG Wentao;YUAN Zhongwei;HU Yifu;ZHANG Ye;YAN Taihong(Department of Radiochemistry,China Institute of Atomic Energy,Beijing 102413,China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院放射化学研究所,北京102413

出　　处：《湿法冶金》2024年第4期357-369,共13页Hydrometallurgy of China

基　　金：中国原子能科学研究院院长基金资助项目(YZ202212001003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2067212);中核集团领创项目(LC202309000703)。

摘　　要：随着核能利用规模的快速扩大,核工业产生的放射性废液的妥善处理已成为制约核能进一步发展的重要议题之一。环糊精是一类由吡喃葡萄糖单元构成的环状寡糖,其具有“外部亲水、内部疏水”的独特分子结构,在放射性离子吸附分离领域具有良好的应用前景。但因环糊精分子含有大量羟基,易溶于水,一般先将其“固化”形成难溶固体后再用作吸附材料。按“固化”方式不同,可分为负载环糊精型吸附材料、环糊精聚合物吸附材料和环糊精包合物吸附材料。分类综述了3种环糊精吸附材料的合成及在放射性离子吸附分离方面的应用研究进展,讨论了环糊精材料对放射性元素的吸附机制,并对未来发展方向进行了展望。With the rapid expansion of the scale of nuclear energy,the proper treatment of radioactive waste generated by the nuclear industry has become one of the most important issues for the further development of nuclear energy.Cyclodextrin,as a kind of cyclic oligosaccharide composed of several glucopyranose units,has a good prospect of application in the field of radioactive ions adsorption and separation,because of its special molecular structure of internal hydrophobicity and external hydrophilicity.However,due to the presence of a large number of hydroxyl groups in the cyclodextrin molecules,they are easily soluble in water.Generally,the solidification of cyclodextrins to insoluble solids is always needed before being used as adsorption materials.Depending on the different methods of"solidification",cyclodextrin based adsorbent materials can be divided into three types:loaded cyclodextrin materials,cyclodextrin polymer materials,and cyclodextrin inclusion complex materials.The synthesis and application research advances of the three types of cyclodextrin adsorbent materials in radioactive ion adsorption and separation are summarized,the related adsorption mechanisms are discussed.Besides,the perspectives of the cyclodextrin based adsorbents in the field of radioactive ion adsorption are presented.

关 键 词：环糊精 吸附材料 放射性离子 固化 负载 环糊精聚合物 包合物 分离 

分 类 号：O647.3[理学—物理化学] X78[理学—化学]