2022年沈阳市主要病媒生物监测结果分析  

Analysis surveillance results of main vectors in Shenyang City in 2022

作　　者：朱洋 吴旭[1] 周博[1] 于冠华 王鼎然 贾贺 ZHU Yang;WU Xu;ZHOU Bo;YU Guanhua;WANG Dingran;JIA He(Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenyang,Liaoning 110031,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳市疾病预防控制中心,辽宁沈阳110031

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2024年第4期349-353,共5页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

摘　　要：目的了解和掌握2022年沈阳市鼠类、蝇类、蜚蠊和蚊类4类病媒生物的密度、种群构成及季节消长情况,为预防和控制病媒生物提供数据支撑。方法鼠类监测采用夹夜法,蝇类监测采用诱笼法,蜚蠊监测采用粘捕法,蚊类监测采用诱蚊灯法。采用Excel 2013和SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。结果2022年沈阳市鼠类平均密度为0.11只/100夹,优势种为褐家鼠,占83.33%,不同生境鼠种构成比差异不显著;蝇类平均密度为53.35只/笼,全年蝇密度8月达到最高峰,密度为98.56只/笼,优势种为丝光绿蝇,占38.00%,居民区蝇密度最高,不同生境蝇种构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1208.919,P<0.01);蜚蠊平均密度为0.14只/张,侵害率为6.61%,优势种为德国小蠊,蜚蠊密度高峰为7月,农贸市场蜚蠊密度最高,为29只/张;雌蚊平均密度为11.85只/(灯·夜),优势种为淡色库蚊,蚊虫密度高峰期为8月,牲畜棚雌蚊密度最高,为162只/(灯·夜),不同生境蚊类构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=261.121,P<0.01)。结论掌握沈阳市主要病媒生物监测数据,结合不同生境密度及季节消长规律,提前开展综合防控,最大地程度上控制虫媒传染病发生。Objective To understand and master the density,population composition,and seasonal fluctuations of four vector species including rats,flies,cockroaches,and mosquitoes,in Shenyang during 2022,so as to provide data support for disease vector prevention and control.Methods Night trapping method was used for rodent monitoring,trap method was used for fly monitoring,stick trapping method was used for cockroach monitoring,and trap lamp method was used for mosquito monitoring.Excel 2013 and SPSS 27.0 software were used for statistical analysis.Results The average density of rodents in Shenyang in 2022 was 0.11 rodents per 100 rodents,and the dominant species was Rattus norvegicus,accounting for 83.33%,with no significant difference in species composition ratio among different habitats.The average density of flies was 53.35 flies per cage,the highest density was 98.56 flies per cage in August,and the dominant species was Lucilia sericata,accounting for 38.00%.The highest density of flies in different habitats was in residential areas,and the composition ratio of flies in different habitats was significantly significant(χ^(2)=1208.919,P<0.01).The average cockroach density was 0.14 cockroaches/sheet,the infestation rate was 6.61%,and the dominant species was Blattella germanica.The peak cockroach density was in July,and the highest cockroach density was 29 cockroaches/sheet in the farmers’market.The average density of female mosquitoes was 11.85/(light·night),and the dominant species was Culex pipiens pallens.The peak density of mosquitoes was in August,and the highest density of female mosquitoes was 162 mosquitoes/(light·night)in livestock sheds.There were statistically significant difference in the composition ratio of mosquitoes in different habitats(χ^(2)=261.121,P<0.01).Conclusion Based on the monitoring data of major vectors in Shenyang,comprehensive prevention and control should be carried out in advance according to the density and seasonal fluctuation of different habitats,so as to control the occurrence of

关 键 词：病媒生物 密度 季节消长 

分 类 号：R184[医药卫生—流行病学]