优化营商环境背景下商事登记签字见证的制度建构  

Signature Witness Regulations for Commercial Registration under theBackground of Optimizing the Business Environment

作　　者：肖海军[1] 李亚轩 XIAO Haijun;LI Yaxuan(School of Law,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《贵州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期140-150,共11页Journal of Guizhou Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“深化企业国有资产监管体制改革研究”(21ZDA038)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在商事登记中当事人多以虚假签字的方式办理虚假登记,商事登记制度缺少前置性审查手段,登记环节形式审查无法排除虚假登记,人脸识别等实名认证无法排除虚假签字,这是虚假登记屡禁不止的原因。签字见证规制可以实现商事登记签字合规,进而减少虚假登记,改善市场信用环境。虽然商事登记签字见证规制需要支出一定的成本,但是能够产生较大的制度效益。积极公示下的自由见证制度模式是推定商事登记签字信息为真的应然选择。公证人及律师是商事登记中担任签字见证人的最佳主体。商事登记签字见证的见证对象是登记文件中的签字。在商事登记签字见证过程中签字主体必须亲自出现在见证人面前并自愿、亲手在文件上签署自己的姓名,电子签名技术和网络视频技术扩大了“亲手签字”和“亲自出现”的外观形式。见证人基于自身过错违反见证义务的,应当承担相应的违信责任。无论科技如何发展,见证人的角色都很难被取代。In commercial registration,parties often handle false registration through false signatures.The commercial registration system lacks pre-examination methods,and formal examination in the registration process cannot exclude false registration.Real name authentication such as facial recognition cannot exclude false signatures,which is the reason why false registration is repeatedly prohibited.The regulation of signature witnessing can achieve compliance with commercial registration signatures,thereby reducing false registration and improving the market credit environment.Although the regulation of commercial registration signature witnessing requires certain costs,it can generate significant institutional benefits.The free witness system model under active public disclosure is a natural choice for presuming the authenticity of commercial registration signature information.Notaries and lawyers are the best subjects to serve as witnesses in commercial registration.The witness object of commercial registration signature witness is the signature in the registration document.In the process of witnessing the signing of commercial registration,the signatory must personally appear in front of the witness and voluntarily sign their name on the document.Electronic signature technology and network video technology have expanded the appearance of“hand signing”and“appearing in person”.If a witness violates the obligation of witnessing based on their own fault,they shall bear corresponding liability for breach of trust.No matter how technology develops,the role of witnesses is difficult to replace.

关 键 词：商事登记 虚假登记 虚假签字 签字见证 见证人 

分 类 号：D913.99[政治法律—民商法学]