石灰土与红壤坡地降雨产流及土壤水分变化特征  

Characteristics of Rainfall Runoff and Soil Moisure Variation in Limestone Soil and Red Soil Slopes

作　　者：陈晓娜 潘焰菲 徐勤学[1,2] 方荣杰[1,2] 王绍旭 CHEN Xiaona;PAN Yanfei;XU Qinxue;FANG Rongjie;WANG Shaoxu(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China;Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Safety in Karst Area,Guilin University ofTechnology,Guilin 541004,China;Power China Huadong Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 311100,China;Guilin Hydraulic and Hydropower Engineering Corporation Limited,Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [2]桂林理工大学岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541004 [3]中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,浙江杭州311100 [4]桂林市水利电力勘测设计研究院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《人民珠江》2024年第8期38-47,共10页Pearl River

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFAA297093);广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22035058)。

摘　　要：为探究桂西北喀斯特区石灰土与红壤坡地降雨产流及土壤水分变化特征,采用自制土槽模拟石灰土与红壤坡地,在自然降雨条件下对坡地产流过程及不同深度土层(10、30 cm)的土壤含水量进行监测,对比分析不同类型土壤降雨产流及土壤水分变化特征。结果表明:①石灰土坡地产流以壤中流为主,平均壤中流径流系数为0.087,红壤坡地产流以地表径流为主,平均地表径流系数为0.088;②石灰土坡地在中雨时地表才开始产流,随着降雨等级的增加地表径流系数无明显变化,壤中流径流系数随着降雨等级的增加,变化复杂,呈减小—增大—减小的过程,红壤坡地的地表径流系数随降雨等级的增加而增加,壤中流径流系数随降雨等级的增加呈减小趋势;③不同降雨等级下,石灰土坡地径流深与降雨量和降雨历时具有极显著相关性,红壤坡地径流深与降雨历时呈极显著相关关系;④石灰土坡地整体平均土壤含水量(24.77%)显著低于红壤坡地(25.15%),石灰土坡地土壤含水量对降雨的响应比红壤坡地更迅速。研究成果能够为喀斯特坡地降水资源优化配置提供参考和合理意见。This research investigates the characteristics of rainfall runoff and soil moisture variation in limestone soil and red soil slopes in the karst area of Northwest Guangxi.A self-made soil tank is utilized to simulate limestone soil and red soil slopes.The process of rainfall-runoff and soil moisture content of different depths of the soil layer(10 cm and 30 cm)are monitored under natural rainfall conditions,so as to compare and analyze the characteristics of different soil types in terms of rainfall runoff and soil moisture variation.The results are as follows.①The runoff generation on limestone soil slopes is dominated by subsurface runoff,with an average subsurface runoff coefficient of 0.087;the runoff generation on red soil slopes is dominated by surface runoff,with an average surface runoff coefficient of 0.088.②The runoff generation on limestone soil slopes starts only when the rainfall is moderate,and there is no significant change in the surface runoff coefficient with the increase of rainfall grade.The change of the coefficient of subsurgace runoff is complicated by the increase in rainfall level,with a down-up-down trend.The surface runoff coefficient of red soil slopes increases with higher rainfall levels;the runoff coefficient of subsurface runoff tends to decrease with increasing rainfall levels.③Under different rainfall levels,the runoff depth on limestone soil slopes is highly significantly correlated with the rainfall amount and rainfall duration,while the runoff on red soil slopes is highly significantly correlated with the rainfall duration.④The overall average soil moisture content of the limestone soil slopes(24.77%)is significantly lower than that of the red soil slopes(25.15%).The soil moisture content responds more rapidly to rainfall on the calcareous soil slopes than on the red soil slopes.The research results can provide a reference and reasonable opinions for the optimal allocation of precipitation resources on karst slopes.

关 键 词：喀斯特 石灰土 红壤 坡地产流 土壤水分 

分 类 号：TV121[水利工程—水文学及水资源]