油菜—富硒水稻—富硒甘薯轮作对土壤养分及甘薯的影响  

Effects of Rape-selenium Enriched Rice-selenium Enriched Sweet Potato Rotation on Soil Nutrients and Sweet Potato

作　　者：李海渤[1] 徐守俊 冯慧敏 LI Haibo;XU Shoujun;FENG Huimin(College of Biology and Agriculture,Shaoguan University/Shaoguan New Rape Variety Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center,Shaoguan 512005;Guangdong Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Quality Protection Center/Guangdong Agricultural and Rural Investment Project Center)

机构地区：[1]韶关学院生物与农业学院/韶关市油菜新品种选育工程技术研究中心,广东韶关512005 [2]广东省农业环境与耕地质量保护中心/广东省农业农村投资项目中心

出　　处：《长江蔬菜》2024年第16期50-54,共5页Journal of Changjiang Vegetables

基　　金：2022年广东省科技计划项目(2023B0202010026);2021年韶关市科技计划项目(210730194532870);2021年广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金(210903164532210)。

摘　　要：为掌握油菜—富硒水稻—富硒甘薯轮作种植模式(T)与传统冬闲—水稻—甘薯种植模式(CK)的差异,特开展种植试验,分析甘薯收获后土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、交换性钙、有效锌和有效硼的含量,甘薯可溶性糖、维生素C含量,以及大米和甘薯的硒元素含量。结果表明,与CK相比,T处理的土壤肥力和甘薯品质明显提升,其中0~20 cm土壤的有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、交换性钙、有效锌和有效硼分别提升21.8%、3.2%、5.4%、28.4%、34.6%、42.5%、300.0%,20~40 cm土壤则分别提高22.8%、5.6%、14.0%、32.6%、38.0%、104.4%、325.0%;甘薯总糖、维生素C含量分别提高125.09%、16.34%。另外,通过施用富硒肥,T处理的大米和甘薯硒元素含量分别达到0.14、0.15 mg/kg。因此,油菜—富硒水稻—富硒甘薯轮作种植模式(T)可实现油菜绿肥还田及水稻、甘薯秸秆还田,达到改良土壤、提升甘薯品质的目标。In order to understand the differences between the rape-selenium enriched rice-selenium enriched sweet potato rotation mode(T)and the traditional planting mode winter fallow-rice-sweet potato(CK),the three crop rotation experiment of rape-selenium enriched rice-selenium enriched sweet potato was conducted to analyze the soil pH value,the content of organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium,exchangeable calcium,available zinc and available boron,as well as the content of total sugar and vitamin C of sweet potato,and the selenium content of rice and sweet potato after harvest.The result showed that compared with CK,the soil fertility and sweet potato quality of T treatment were significantly improved.The content of organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium,exchangeable calcium,available zinc and available boron in 0-20 cm soil increased by21.8%,3.2%,5.4%,28.4%,34.6%,42.5%,300.0%,respectively,while those in 20-40 cm soil increased by 22.8%,5.6%,14.0%,32.6%,38.0%104.4%,325.0%,respectively.The content of total sugar and vitamin C of sweet potato increased by 125.09%,16.34%,respectively.In addition,by applying selenium enriched fertilizer,the selenium content of rice and sweet potato of T treatmentreached 0.14,0.15 mg/kg,respectively.Therefore,the rape-selenium enriched riceselenium enriched sweet potato rotation planting mode(T)could achieve the goal of returning rape green manure to the field and returning rice and sweet potato straw to the field,so as to improve the soil and the quality of sweet potato.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 绿肥油菜 水稻 甘薯 绿肥还田 秸秆还田 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]