黄淮南部地区小麦品种矮秆基因的组成及其对茎秆特性的影响  

Composition of Dwarfing Genes and Their Effects on Stem Characteristics of Wheat Varieties in the Southern Area of Huanghuai Wheat Region

作　　者：刘晓宇 禹海龙 裴星旭 梁秋芳 岳超 程西永[1] 许海霞[1] 詹克慧[1] LIU Xiaoyu;YU Hailong;PEI Xingxu;LIANG Qiufang;YUE Chao;CHENG Xiyong;XU Haixia;ZHAN Kehui(Agronomy College,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2024年第8期985-995,共11页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(221100110300);神农种业实验室一流课题(SN01-2022-01)。

摘　　要：为研究矮秆基因及其组合对小麦茎秆特性的影响,以黄淮南部地区490个小麦品种(系)为材料,采用分子标记检测了小麦矮秆基因Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b、Rht8、Rht9、Rht12和Rht24,并连续2年测定了小麦株高、重心高度、节间长度、直径、折断力等茎秆特性,分析了矮秆基因的组成及其对茎秆特性的影响。结果表明,在490份材料中,携带Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b、Rht8、Rht9、Rht12和Rht24的材料分布频率分别为7.25%、92.24%、39.18%、42.86%、72.65%和95.31%,共得到了40种基因组合,其中分布频率较高的组合有Rht-D1b+Rht9+Rht12+Rht24(20.2%)、Rht-D1b+Rht12+Rht24(19.8%)、Rht-D1b+Rht8+Rht12+Rht24(16.3%)、Rht-D1b+Rht8+Rht9+Rht12+Rht24(8.4%)、Rht-D1b+Rht24(7.3%)、Rht-D1b+Rht9+Rht24(6.5%)、Rht-D1b+Rht8+Rht24(4.7%)和Rht-D1b+Rht8+Rht9+Rht24(3.9%)。矮秆基因对降低小麦株高的效应大小依次是Rht-D1b、Rht9、Rht8、Rht12和Rht-B1b,且基因间存在累加效应,但Rht8与Rht9或Rht12结合不能起到明显的降秆作用。基因组合Rht-D1b+Rht9+Rht12+Rht24对降低茎秆重心高度和基部前3节间长度以及增强基部前3节间折断力的效应最大,基因组合Rht-D1b+Rht8+Rht9+Rht24对降低穗下节长度的效应最大,基因组合Rht-D1b+Rht8+Rht12+Rht24对增大茎秆基部前3节间直径的效应最大。矮秆基因可以有效降低小麦的株高和重心高度,缩短基部第2、3节间长度,提高基部前3节间直径和折断力,可作为小麦的抗倒伏育种的重要依据。In order to study the effects of dwarfing genes and their combinations on wheat stem characteristics,the dwarf genes Rht-B1b[KG-1.5mm],Rht-D1b[KG-1.5mm],Rht8,Rht9,Rht12 and Rht24 of 490 wheat varieties(lines)from southern Huanghuai wheat region were detected by molecular markers.The stem characteristics,such as plant height,gravity center height,internode length,diameter and breaking force,were measured in two consecutive years,and the composition of dwarfing genes and their effects on stem characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that among the 490 materials,the distribution frequencies of Rht-B1b[KG-1.5mm],Rht-D1b[KG-1.5mm],Rht8,Rht9,Rht12 and Rht24 were 7.25%,92.24%,39.18%,42.86%,72.65%and 95.31%,respectively.A total of 40 gene combinations were detected.The combinations with high distribution frequency were Rht-D1b[KG-1.5mm]+Rht9+Rht12+Rht24(20.2%),Rht-D1b+Rht12+Rht24(19.8%),Rht-D1b+Rht8+Rht12+Rht24[KG-1.5mm](16.3%),Rht-D1b+Rht8+Rht9+Rht12+Rht24(8.4%),Rht-D1b[KG-1.5mm]+Rht24(7.3%),Rht-D1b[KG-1.5mm]+Rht9+Rht24(6.5%),Rht-D1b[KG-1.5mm]+Rht8[KG-0.9mm]+Rht9+Rht24(4.7%)and Rht-D1b[KG-1.5mm]+Rht8+Rht9+Rht24(3.9%).The effect of dwarf genes on reducing wheat plant height ranked as Rht-D1b[KG-1.5mm],Rht9,Rht8,Rht12 and Rht-B1b in turn,and additive effects were found among genes.However,Rht8 could not play an obvious role in reducing plant height when combined with Rht9 or Rht12.The gene combination Rht-D1b[KG-1.5mm]+Rht9+Rht12+Rht24 had the greatest effect on reducing the gravity center height of wheat stem and the length of the first 3 internodes,and enhancing the breaking force of the first 3 internodes;the gene combination Rht-D1b[KG-1.5mm]+Rht8+Rht9+Rht24 had the greatest effect on reducing the peduncle length,and the gene combination Rht-D1b[KG-1.5mm]+Rht8+Rht12+Rht24 had the greatest effect on increasing the diameter of the first 3 internodes.Dwarfing genes can effectively reduce the plant height,gravity center height,shorten the length of the second and third internode,and increase the diameter and break

关 键 词：黄淮南部地区 小麦 矮秆基因 茎秆特性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330