湖南省德夯峡谷自然景观类型及其土壤理化性质  

Natural landscape types and soil physicochemical properties of Dehang Valley in Hunan Province,China

作　　者：刘冰[1] 向亮 谭璐 向晓媚 王璐 王志成 陈功锡[1,2] LIU Bing;XIANG Liang;TAN Lu;XIANG Xiaomei;WANG Lu;WANG Zhicheng;CHEN Gongxi(Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization(College of Hunan Province),Jishou University,Jishou 416000,China;School of Pharmacy,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,China;Management Department of Dehang Scenic Spot,Jishou 416000,China;The First Middle School of Guzhang,Xiangxi 416300,China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学植物资源保护与利用湖南省高校重点实验室,吉首416000 [2]吉首大学药学院,吉首416000 [3]吉首市德夯风景名胜区管理处,吉首416000 [4]古丈县第一中学,湘西416300

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2024年第3期439-448,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30770157);吉首市德夯风景名胜区管理处项目(19DHK03)资助。

摘　　要：为进一步认识湖南省德夯峡谷自然景观特征,探索峡谷景观分类方法,为峡谷景观生态学研究打下基础,选取地质地貌、土壤和植被等能体现峡谷景观特征的14个因子作为分类指标,采用系统聚类方法划分其景观类型,并测定各景观组土壤理化性质.结果表明:(1)德夯峡谷自然景观可分为1个景观类、4个景观组和13个景观型,各景观外貌特征明显;(2)各景观组土壤理化性质存在差异,崖顶景观组土壤pH值(6.65)、速效氮(0.26 g/kg)、速效钾(0.03g/kg)、Ca(0.93g/kg)、Mn(0.09g/kg)含量显著低于其他景观组(P<0.05),崖壁景观组(不含干旱岩壁)含水量(37.22%)、有机质(86.02 g/kg)、全氮(9.88 g/kg)和速效氮(0.92 g/kg)含量显著高于其他景观组(P<0.05);(3)在演化模式上,德夯峡谷符合自上而下的常态型峡谷演化模式,各景观类型之间也存在一定演化关系,并在特定条件下可以相互转化.本研究表明系统聚类所得的德夯峡谷景观分类体系体现了峡谷景观生态系统的空间形态、空间异质组合、发生过程和生态功能,分类结果科学可靠,可作为小微尺度景观及峡谷等特殊地貌景观分类的参考.此外,峡谷内各景观外貌特征、物种组成、土壤理化性质等差异明显,峡谷景观生态学研究需从景观型尺度展开.To further understand the characteristics of the natural landscape of Dehang Valley in Hunan Province,explore the classification methods of the valley landscape,and lay a foundation for the study of canyon landscape ecology,14 factors that can reflect the characteristics of the valley landscape,such as geology,soil,and vegetation,were selected as classification indicators.A systematic clustering method was used to classify the landscape types,while the physicochemical properties of the soil in each landscape group were measured.The results showed that(1)the natural landscape of Dehang Valley could be divided into one landscape class,four landscape groups,and 13 landscape types,with notable landscape features.(2)The soil physicochemical properties of each landscape group were different.The soil pH value(6.65),available nitrogen(0.26 g/kg),available potassium(0.03 g/kg),Ca(0.93 g/kg),and Mn(0.09 g/kg)contents of the cliff top group were significantly lower than those in other groups(P<0.05).The content of moisture(37.22%),organic matter(86.02 g/kg),total nitrogen(9.88 g/kg),and available nitrogen(0.92 g/kg)of the cliff wall group(excluding arid rock wall)were significantly higher than those in other groups(P<0.05).(3)In terms of the evolution mode,Dehang Valley conformed to the top-down normal valley evolution mode,and there were certain evolution rules among landscape types that can be transformed into each other under specific conditions.The landscape classification system of Dehang Valley,which was obtained from systematic clustering,reflects the spatial form,spatially heterogeneous combination,occurrence process,and ecological function of the valley landscape ecosystem.The classification results are scientific and reliable and can be used as a reference for classifying small-scale landscapes and other special geomorphic landscapes,such as valleys.There are significant differences in the appearance characteristics,species composition,and soil physicochemical properties of various landscape types within the valle

关 键 词：景观分类 峡谷景观 土壤理化性质 德夯 湘西世界地质公园 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学] S153[农业科学—土壤学]