颗粒大小对蔬菜废弃物厌氧发酵过程的影响研究  

Effect of Particle Size on Anaerobic Fermentation Process of Vegetable Waste

作　　者：李金平 张奥博[1,2,3] 孙永明 Vojislav Novakovic[5] Ehsan Gholamian Karkon LI Jinping;ZHANG Ao-bo;SUN Yongming;Vojislav Novakovic;Ehsan Gholamian Karkon(Gansu Key Laboratory of Solar Energy and Biomass Complementary Multiplex Power Supply System,Lanzhou 730050,China;Northwest Low-carbon Urban Support Technology Collaborative Innovation Center,Lanzhou 730050,China;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Guangzhou In-stitute of Energy Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;Department of Energy and Process Engineering,Norwegian University of Science and Technology,Trondheim NO-7491,Norway)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省太阳能与生物质互补多联供系统重点试验室,兰州730050 [2]西北低碳城镇支撑技术省部共建协同创新中心,兰州730050 [3]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,兰州730050 [4]中国科学院广州能源所,广州510640 [5]挪威科技大学能源与过程工程系,挪威特隆赫姆NO-7491

出　　处：《中国沼气》2024年第4期3-9,共7页China Biogas

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFB4201901);甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC⁃33);现代丝路寒旱农业科技支撑项目(GSLK⁃2022⁃19)。

摘　　要：蔬菜流通环节产生的大量蔬菜废弃物(即尾菜)亟需无害化处理,然而现有尾菜规模化处理采用的“破碎+压榨+厌氧/好氧”处理工艺易出现厌氧发酵酸化问题。为了破解此问题,在分析现有尾菜规模化处理工艺中发现破碎过细是造成厌氧发酵酸化的主要原因,因以尾菜为主要原料的厌氧发酵,常因为其水解过快,体系内有机酸过度积累出现酸化现象,导致产气失败。为了进一步研究颗粒大小对尾菜厌氧发酵过程的影响,提高其能源利用率,文章选取白菜作为试验底物,比较了高有机负荷下不同颗粒大小白菜(2 cm见方小块、完整叶片、1/4棵)对产沼气性能的影响。结果表明:较小颗粒大小会导致出现酸化现象。颗粒大小为整片和1/4棵条件下累积产气量分别为68.1 L、69.2 L,发酵过程处于稳定状态;颗粒大小为2 cm小块试验组出现酸化产气停止,各基础指标出现停滞或累积现象。试验可为尾菜规模化快速处理提供数据参考。A large amount of vegetable waste generated in vegetable circulation is in urgent need of harmless treatment.However,the existing"crushing+pressing+anaerobic/aerobic"treatment process used in the large⁃scale treatment of vegetable waste is prone to anaerobic fermentation acidification.In order to solve this problem,in the analysis of the exist⁃ing large⁃scale treatment process of vegetable waste,it was found that excessive fragmentation was the main cause of anaero⁃bic fermentation acidification.Because anaerobic fermentation with vegetable waste as the main raw material,acidification phenomenon often occurred due to excessive accumulation of organic acids in the system,resulting in gas production fail⁃ure.In order to further study the effect of particle size on the anaerobic fermentation process of vegetable waste and improve its energy efficiency,Chinese cabbage was selected as the test substrate and the effects of different particle sizes of Chinese cabbage(2 cm square pieces,whole leaves,1/4 head of cabbage)on the biogas production performance were compared under high organic load.The results show that small particle size can lead to acidification.The cumulative gas production was 68.1 L and 69.2 L,respectively,when the grain size was whole and 1/4 head,and the fermentation process was in a stable state.The acidizing gas production of the 2 cm small group was stopped,and the basic indexes were stagnated or ac⁃cumulated.The experiment can provide data reference for rapid processing of vegetable waste in scale.

关 键 词：蔬菜废弃物处理利用 颗粒大小 厌氧消化 酸抑制 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X712[农业科学—农业工程]