新疆2016—2020年非流行区棘球蚴病流行现状调查  

Investigation on the epidemic status of echinococcosis in non-endemic areas of Xinjiang from 2016 to 2020

作　　者：王蒴 杨涵琪 阿迪力·司马义[1] 张海亭[1] 凯迪亚·司马义 赵江山[1] WANG Shuo;YANG Hanqi;Adili Simayi;ZHANG Haiting;Kadiya Simayi;ZHAO Jiangshan(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830002,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2024年第7期821-825,共5页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区青年科技人才-乡村振兴项目(No.WJWY-XCZX202204);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(No.2022B03013-1)。

摘　　要：目的了解新疆非流行区棘球蚴病流行现状,为当地棘球蚴病防控提供科学依据。方法采取横断面研究方法,在新疆棘球蚴病非流行区的乌鲁木齐市天山区、沙依巴克区、喀什地区疏勒县、和田地区和田市开展棘球蚴病感染调查,从每个调查县(市/区)中抽取2016—2020年棘球蚴病报告病例数较多的3个乡/镇,再从乡/镇中抽取历年棘球蚴病报告病例数排名前三位的行政村作为调查点,每个县(市/区)共调查9个行政村。在调查村对≥3周岁常住居民开展腹部B超筛查,疑似病例以ELISA法检测血液中棘球蚴抗体。在每个调查村,采集≥20份家犬粪样,如有流浪犬,采集≥10份粪样进行粪棘球绦虫抗原检测。在调查乡/镇所在的定点屠宰场,现场随机抽取本乡/镇饲养羊或者牛100只/头,对其脏器进行肉眼检查,并将可疑病变脏器进行PCR检测。结果在四个调查县(市/区),对6020人进行棘球蚴病人群B超筛查,检出阳性7例,人群检出率为0.12%(7/6020),天山区、沙依巴克区、疏勒县、和田市人群检出率分别为0.26%(4/1512)、0.14%(2/1475)、0(0/1499)、0.07%(1/1534),均为囊性棘球蚴病患者;共检测犬粪样本1474份,感染率为0.68%(10/1474),其中家犬感染率为0.84%(9/1076),流浪犬感染率为0.25%(1/398),两者差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.74,P>0.05);调查家畜2095只/头,总感染率为2.67%(56/2095),其中羊感染率为2.94%(46/1564),牛感染率为1.88%(10/531),牛、羊棘球蚴病感染率差异差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.99,P<0.01)。结论疏勒县未发现人和犬感染,需对既往报告病例开展流行病学调查确认;天山区、沙依巴克区及和田市发现人群、犬、家畜感染棘球蚴病情况,初步证实存在棘球蚴病循环史和传播条件,应综合进行考虑是否纳入棘球蚴病流行区开展系统防控。Objective To understand the current epidemic status of echinococcosis in non-endemic areas of Xinjiang and provide a scientific basis for the local prevention and control of echinococcosis.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of echinococcosis in non-epidemic areas of Xinjiang:Tianshan District,Shayibake District,Shule County in Kashgar Prefecture,and Hotan City in Hotan Prefecture of Urumqi City.From each surveyed county(city/district),three townships with higher numbers of reported echinococcosis cases from 2016 to 2020 were selected.Subsequently,three administrative villages with the highest number of reported echinococcosis cases were chosen as survey points from each township.A total of 9 administrative villages were investigated in each county(city/district).In the surveyed village,abdominal B-ultrasound screening was carried out for permanent residents aged three years and older,with suspected cases further tested for echinococcosis antibodies in blood using ELISA.In each survey village,at least 20 fecal samples from domestic dogs and,if present,at least 10 fecal samples from stray dogs were collected and tested for Echinococcus antigens.In the designated slaughterhouse of the surveyed townships,a random sample of 100 sheep or cattle raised in the township was selected on the spot,and their organs were examined by naked eyes,and the suspected diseased organs were detected by PCR.Results Among the four survey counties(cities/districts),6020 people underwent ultrasound screening for echinococcosis,with 7 positive cases detected,resulting in a detection rate of 0.12%(7/6020).The detection rates of Tianshan District,Shayibake District,Shule County,and Hotan City were 0.26%(4/1512),0.14%(2/1475),0(0/1499),and 0.07%(1/1534),respectively,all of which were cystic echinococcosis patients.A total of 1474 dog fecal samples were detected,with an infection rate of 0.68%(10/1474).The infection rates for domestic dogs and stray dogs were 0.84%(9/1076)and 0.25%(1/398)respectively;the

关 键 词：棘球蚴病 非流行区 感染现状 新疆 

分 类 号：R532.32[医药卫生—内科学]