海南省2023年肺结核病流行病学抽样调查分析  

Epidemiological survey of pulmonary tuberculosis in Hainan Province in 2023

作　　者：黄静静[1] 罗兴雄[1] 陈玉妹 侯萍 熊昌富[1] HUANG Jingjing;LUO Xingxiong;CHEN Yumei;HOU Ping;XIONG Changfu(Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control,Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute,Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Haikou,Hainan 570203,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所结核病预防控制科,海南海口570203

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2024年第7期833-837,874,共6页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：海南省卫生健康科技创新联合项目(No.WSJK2024MS191);海南省“2+3”健康服务包实施项目(琼府办函[2022]91号)。

摘　　要：目的准确掌握海南省结核病流行现状及影响因素,为结核病防治提供科学依据。方法采用二阶段不等概整群随机抽样的方法,2023年在海南全省抽取30个流调点,通过对15岁及以上常住人口进行症状调查、病原学检查和胸部X线检查等结核病筛查,获得活动性肺结核患病率、病原学阳性肺结核患病率,经过标准人口年龄、性别构成的校正后对各种患病率进行统计学分析。结果全省30个流调点,应检人口为35221人,现场调查实检人口为33778人,受检率为95.9%。全省活动性、涂阳和病原学阳性肺结核患病率分别为355/10万、63/10万和96/10万。据此估算,2023年全省15岁及以上人口中有活动性肺结核患者2.86万例,涂阳肺结核患者5099例,病原学阳性肺结核患者7772例。活动性肺结核患病率随年龄的增长总体呈现波动上升趋势。除30~<35岁组外,其他各年龄组患病率均为男性高于女性;涂阳肺结核患者主要集中在35~<70岁;男性与女性年龄组的变化趋势基本相同,均出现3个患病高峰。黎族人口的活动性、涂阳和病原学阳性肺结核患病率分别为716/10万、121/10万和205/10万,均高于汉族和其他少数民族。农村地区活动性肺结核患病率为435/10万,是城镇地区(197/10万)的2.2倍;农村地区涂阳肺结核患病率略低于城镇,病原学阳性肺结核患病率则基本相同。结论海南省结核病流行形势较为严峻,局部地区结核病疫情严重,黎族人口等重点人群亟待关注,结核病防控任务艰巨。Objective To accurately understand the current epidemic status and influencing factors of tuberculosis in Hainan Province,and to provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling tuberculosis.Methods In 2023,a two-stage unequal cluster random sampling method was employed to select 30 floating points in Hainan Province.Screening for tuberculosis was conducted through symptom investigation,etiological examination,and chest X-ray examination among permanent residents aged 15 years and above.The prevalence rate of active tuberculosis and etiologically positive tuberculosis was obtained and statistically analyzed after correction for the age and gender structure of the standard population.Results In the 30 districts of the province,35221 individuals were targeted for screening,with an actual field investigation population of 33778 and a detection rate of 95.9%.The prevalence rates for active pulmonary tuberculosis,smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis,and etiologically positive pulmonary tuberculosis were 355/100000,63/100000,and 96/100000,respectively.Based on this estimation,there are 28600 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis,5099 cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis,and 7772 cases of etiologically positive pulmonary among the population aged 15 and above in the province.The prevalence rate for active tuberculosis exhibited a fluctuating upward trend with increasing age.Except for the age group between ages 30 to<35 years old,the prevalence rate was higher in males than females across all other age groups.Smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were predominantly concentrated in the age range between ages<35 to<70;both male and female age groups displayed similar trends with three peaks in disease occurrence.The prevalence rates for active,smear-positive,and etiologically positive pulmonary TB among the Li ethnic population were 716/100000,121/100000,and 205/100000,respectively,which were higher than those in the Han and other ethnic minorities.In rural areas,the prevalence of active pulm

关 键 词：结核病 流行病学调查 肺结核患病率 海南省 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学]