伊朗出土元朝石雕巨龙考  

Research and Interpretation on the Yuan Dynasty Loong Stone Carving unearthed in Iran

作　　者：黄耔杰 Huang Zijie

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院

出　　处：《美术观察》2024年第8期49-56,共8页Art Observation

摘　　要：伊朗西北部伊儿汗国时期名为“达什卡桑”的遗址中出土两座中国龙纹风格石雕巨龙。雕塑破损严重,通过将其遗留部分与同时期蒙元帝国范围内龙纹形象比对,可对石雕巨龙原状进行修复分析,从而确定其形象属于典型元朝龙纹范畴。结合文献与相关遗址分布情况可知,“达什卡桑”遗址性质应为蒙元皇家建筑,其中石雕巨龙来源亦是汉人工匠到当地雕刻完成。元朝龙纹象征蒙元皇家的文化涵义,显然于伊儿汗国时期就已进入到伊朗地区文化认知当中。Two giant stone carved Chinese Loong were excavated at the ruin of the llkhanate period named Dash Kasan in northwest Iran.The sculpture is severely damaged.By comparing its remaining parts with sculptures of the same period at the Mongol Yuan Empire,the stone carvings show typical Yuan Dynasty Loong sculpture patterns.Based on historical texts and the distribution of related sites,it can be inferred that Dash Kasan should be the imperial architecture of the Mongol Yuan empire,and the stone carving was carved by Han craftsmen in situ.The Loong symbolizes the cultural significance of the Mongol Yuan imperial family,and it clearly entered the cultural cognition of the Iranian region during the llkhanate period.

关 键 词：伊朗伊尔汗国遗址 “达什卡桑” 石雕巨龙 元朝龙纹 元代汉人工匠 蒙元皇家建筑 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学] K883.73[历史地理—中国史]