水墨人物画“粗笔衣纹”画法与禅宗思想的关系研究  

A Study on the Relationship between Cubi yiwen(Rough Contouring of Drapes of Ancient Clothes)in the Ink Figure Painting and the Ideology of Zen Buddhism

作　　者：张令伟[1] 叶俊岑 Zhang Lingwei;Ye Juncen

机构地区：[1]四川大学艺术学院

出　　处：《美术观察》2024年第8期72-75,共4页Art Observation

摘　　要：衣纹的用笔起讫是中国水墨人物画的精髓。粗笔衣纹的出现突破了“曹衣出水,吴带当风”的细笔勾勒传统,既有极强的抒写性,又有禅宗笔墨游戏的性质。粗笔衣纹画法深受禅宗精神的影响,绘画题旨与禅宗密切相关,笔法用墨从“写形”到“写心”的观念创新与宋元时期的禅宗不拘经文教条、不讲体统礼法、反逻辑、求直观的宗风一脉相承。尽管粗笔衣纹在早期部分画论中被视为“粗恶无古法”,但其奔放无束的风格深为后世画家所推崇,不仅塑造了写意人物画的笔法核心,更对中国逸格画品带来了新的风尚。本文以水墨人物画“粗笔衣纹”为切入点,结合古代画论描法、水墨人物画主题以及禅宗宗风等,探讨了“粗笔衣纹”画法与禅宗思想的密切关系。The beginning and end of the brush strokes of drapes is the essence of Chinese ink wash figure painting.The emergence of rough contouring of drape breaks through the tradition of fine line contouring of Cao Zhongda and Wu Daozi,sharing both lyricalness and the play fulness of zen shiumo.The form of these strokes is not bound by the system of clothes and crowns,and the brushwork is simple and driting to reach the beauty of the spirit.Cubi yiwen is deeply influenced by the spirit of Zen Buddhism,the subject matter of paintings is closely related to Zen Buddhism,and the conceptual innovation of the brushwork and ink from xie xing(depicting shape)to xie xing(depicting essence)is in line with Zen of Song and Yuan dynasty,which is not bound by the scriptures and dogmas,and does not emphasize the orthodox laws,seeking for the intuitive and anti-logical characteristic.Although the rough brushwork was regarded as rough and wicked without ancient method from early painting theories,its unrestrained style was deeply admired by later painters,which they not only shaped the core of freehand brushwork of the figure painting,but also brought a new style to xige huapin.In this paper,we take the cubi yiwen of shiumo figure painting as an entry point,and discuss the close relationship between the cubi yiwen painting method and Zen Philosophy by combining the ancient painting theory and method,the theme of ink wash painting and various doctrines of Zen schools.

关 键 词：笔法 人物画 禅宗 

分 类 号：J212[艺术—美术] B946.5[哲学宗教—宗教学]