地权交易中介与要素市场:租佃契约中的保人  

Intermediaries in Land Property Rights Transactions and the Factor Market:The Role of Guarantors in Tenancy Contracts

作　　者：刘紫卓 龙登高 Liu Zizhuo;Long Denggao

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2024年第4期4-20,M0003,共18页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目(2023JZDZ022)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：保人普遍存在于传统社会的各项交易中,保障契约关系与交易秩序。其嬉变过程与土地市场发展相辅相成。在清代民国租佃契约中,保人承担繁杂的交易事务,亲缘性与地缘性是其关键的身份基础。保人通过稳定契约关系、拓展要素筛选范围等机制,降低了进入地权市场的门槛,并分散了地权交易的风险,促进了土地流转。随着地权交易规模的扩大,保人的职能在专业化分工中逐渐细化,与田主代理之间、押租(预租)之间形成部分替代,租佃关系里的中介开始出现人格化向非人格化的转变。保人机制与地权市场的互动关系,显示了朴素市场发展中自发秩序的形成过程,为地权研究提供新思路。Guarantors have historically played a crucial role in various transactions within traditional societies,ensuring contract enforcement and maintaining transactional order.The evolution of their role has closely paralleled the development of land markets.Throughout the Qing dynasty and the Republican era,guarantors,identified through kinship ties and regional affiliations,fulfilled diverse functions in land tenancy contracts.They were essential in stabilizing contractual relationships,expanding factor allocation,reducing barriers to entry into the land market,mitigating transaction risks,and facilitating land transactions.As the volume of land rights transactions grew,guarantors'roles became more specialized,sometimes assuming responsibilities previously held by landowners'agents,such as collecting prepaid rents.This evolution reflects a broader trend towards depersonalization among intermediaries in tenancy negotiations.The interactions between guarantors and the land rights market illustrate the emergence of spontaneous order in early market development,providing fresh insights into the study of land rights.

关 键 词：保人 中人 租佃契约 地权交易 资源配置 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]