鸦片战争期间边外满蒙军队的征调  

The Opium War and the Mobilization of Manchu and Mongolian Forces from the Frontiers

作　　者：张建[1] Zhang Jian

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《近代史研究》2024年第4期76-91,M0004,M0005,共18页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：清入关后,设立两支预备队,一系东北驻防,一系外藩劲旅,驻扎边外以备非常。鸦片战争爆发后,东南清军节节失利,英军有北进之势,而禁旅八旗日久寝衰,迫使清朝沿袭旧制,调发两支预备队,连同介于二者间的察哈尔马队,守卫两京门户,总兵力在万人以上。这是继乾隆朝平定准噶尔后最大一起调集满蒙骑兵之举。此举开启嗣后30年间清朝动员满蒙军队入关作战,即所谓“大动员”的惟幕。可是,清朝受制于情报层面的差距,只是将这支主力军用于防守两京,未对战争胜败产生任何影响。After conquering inland China,the Manchu rulers stationed two reserve forces,one in northeast China and the other in the Mongolian region.Following the outbreak of the First Opium War,the Qing military suffered several defeats in southeast China,prompting concerns about a potential British advance northward.With the Manchu Eight Banners Army weakened,the Qing government mobilized these reserve forces,along with the Chakhar Mongol cavalry,to garrison Beijing and Mukden.This mobilization,totaling 10,000 troops,marked the largest deployment of Manchu and Mongolian cavalry since Emperor Qianlong's campaigns against the Dzungars,initiating what became known as the"Great Mobilization Era,"which lasted for three decades.Despite this mobilization,aimed primarily at defending Beijing and Mukden,these forces did not actively participate in the Opium War due to insufficient intelligence capabilities within the Qing government.

关 键 词：鸦片战争 八旗 蒙古 晚清军事史 

分 类 号：K253[历史地理—历史学]