乡村振兴的法律激励:理念确立、文本检视与机制革新  

Legal Incentives for Rural Revitalization:Concept Establishment,Text Review,and Mechanism Innovation

作　　者：陈灿祁[1] 彭媛 CHEN Canqi;PENG Yuan

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学法学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2024年第4期24-46,共23页China Rural Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“算法共谋的反垄断法规制研究”(编号:19CFX067)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国乡村振兴促进法》的颁布,既是对中国乡村振兴战略实施成果的法律确认,也标志着中国农业农村立法进入新的阶段。乡村振兴法律激励体现了促进型立法特性,既是乡村发展改革的需要,又是激励政策法律化的结果。《中华人民共和国乡村振兴促进法》及25部省级乡村振兴地方性法规中包含着丰富的具有激励意义的规范。在全面实施乡村振兴战略的背景下,通过对乡村振兴法律激励样本与实践情况的分析,本文研究发现,乡村振兴立法存在宏观上法律激励供给不足,微观上法律激励对象定位不清晰,激励范围比例失衡,激励措施呈现模糊性、物质性、碎片化等问题,亟待机制革新。鉴于此,本文基于法律激励理论,主张通过强化法律激励制度的有效供给、构建多元主体的统合型协同格局、平衡乡村振兴的激励范围、增强激励措施的有效性等方式,构建完备的激励规则,更好地发挥法律的激励、引导和保障功能,最大限度激发全社会投身乡村振兴事业的积极性和主动性。The promulgation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Promotion of Revitalization of Rural Areas is not only the legal confirmation of the implementation of China's rural revitalization strategy but also marks a new stage in China's agricultural and rural legislation.The legal incentives for rural revitalization reflect the characteristics of promotional legislation,which are both the need for rural development and reform and the result of the legalization of incentive policies.The Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Promotion of Revitalization of Rural Areas and 25 provincial local regulations on the promotion of rural revitalization contain rich and incentive norms.Under the background of comprehensively implementing the rural revitalization strategy,through the analysis of samples and practical situations of legal incentives for rural revitalization,we find that there are problems in the legislation of rural revitalization,such as insufficient supply of legal incentives at the macro level,unclear positioning of legal incentive objects at the micro level,unbalanced in the proportion of incentive scope,and ambiguity,materiality,and fragmentation of incentive measures,which urgently need mechanism innovation.Therefore,based on the theory of legal incentives,this paper suggests that by strengthening the effective supply of legal incentive mechanisms,establishing an integrated and cooperative pattern of multiple entities,balancing the scope of incentives for rural revitalization,and enhancing the effectiveness of incentive measures it is supposed to construct a complete set of incentive rules in order to better play the functions of the incentives,guidance,and guarantee of the law,and to maximize the enthusiasm and initiative of the whole society to participate in the cause of rural revitalization.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 《中华人民共和国乡村振兴促进法》 促进型立法 法律激励 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D422.6[政治法律—法学]