新村民进入何以影响农村生态环境  

How Does the Entry of New Villagers Affect the Rural Ecological Environment?

作　　者：杜焱强 刘悦洋 刘平养[3] DU Yanqiang;LIU Yueyang;LIU Pingyang

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院 [2]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院 [3]复旦大学环境科学与工程系

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2024年第4期144-162,共19页China Rural Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“农村环境治理的PPP模式研究:理论机制与可持续路径”(编号:23FGLB008)的支持。

摘　　要：促进人口要素合理有序的双向流动是城乡融合发展的理论要点,也是推进农业农村现代化的实践难点。目前,“新村民”现象在中国部分农村涌现,但是学术界对这一现象所产生的效应缺乏长期观察与深度分析。本文在12年跟踪调查的基础上,应用纵向案例研究方法,详细展示新村民进入上海市岑卜村的全过程,并分析由此引发的环境效应。研究发现,新村民的进入能够在一定程度上为乡村发展带来新机遇,但随着新村民群体规模的不断扩大和经营型新村民增多,农村稀缺资源的竞争性利用加剧,新村民进入对农村生态环境造成负面影响。从行动者网络理论看,新村民对农村生态环境的影响取决于行动主体“转译”过程能否形成稳定的关系网络。新村民的进入导致原有的行动者关系网络被打破,但新的稳定有序的关系网络尚未形成。突出表现包括:新村民的归属感不高,保护和治理行为异化;村集体未能将新村民的人力资本和社会资本优势转化为发展优势;基层政府对新村民的接纳和回应有限,抑制了环境友好型新村民的积极性。新村民进入农村后的生产生活行为缺乏有效的规制和引导,环境不友好行为增多且扩散加快,最终对环境造成较为突出的负面影响。本文探讨新村民下乡的环境效应,可为中国城乡融合发展进程中农村生态环境治理提供新思路。Promoting the rational and orderly two-way flow of population factors is a theoretical key point for the integrated development of urban and rural areas,and also a practical challenge in advancing the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.The“new villagers”phenomenon has emerged in some rural areas of China,but the academia lacks long-term observation and in-depth analyses on it.Based on 12 years of tracking investigation,this paper applies longitudinal case study methods to detail the entire process of new villagers entering Cenbu Village in Shanghai,and analyzes the environmental effects triggered by this.The study finds that the new villagers bring new development opportunities to the village to a certain extent,but as the scale of the new villagers'group continues to expand and the number of business-oriented new villagers increases,the competitive use of scarce rural resources intensifies,and the entry of new villagers has a negative impact on the rural ecological environment.From the perspective of actor network theory,the impact of new villagers on the rural ecological environment depends on whether the translation process of the acting subjects can form a stable relationship network.The entry of new villagers has disrupted the original network of actors,but a new stable and orderly relationship network has not yet been formed.The prominent manifestations include:the sense of belonging of new villagers is not high,and the behavior of protection and management is alienated;the village collective has not been able to transform the human capital and social capital advantages of new villagers into development advantages;the grassroots govermment's acceptance and response to new villagers are limited,which suppresses the enthusiasm of environmentally friendly new villagers.The production and living behaviors of new villagers after entering the countryside lack effective regulation and guidance,and environmentally unfriendly behaviors increase and spread faster,which ultimately leads to a more promine

关 键 词：新村民农村生态环境 纵向案例研究 行动者网络 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济] C912.82[社会学]