人类起源的非洲考古:发现、积累与辩论  

African Archaeology of the Origin of:Humankind:Discovery,Accumulation and Debate

作　　者：李安山 Li Anshan

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学 [2]中国非洲史研究会

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2024年第4期27-48,160,共23页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“世界诸文明在印度洋地区的交流交汇研究”(23&ZD324)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：关于人类起源问题,学界虽尚无定论,但基本认可非洲作为人类诞生地之一或唯一诞生地。这一重要结论源于考古人员在非洲大陆有价值且持续的人类化石重大发现:1924年雷蒙德·达特最早发现人类化石“南方古猿非洲种”,尽管其观点备受争议,但通过在南部、东部和中部非洲其他类型的早期人类化石的发现,证实了他的发现对人类起源问题具有开创性意义。考古人员在20世纪非洲大陆获得的“能人”头骨、直立人标本,以及进入21世纪以来“图迈”“伊莱雷特足迹”“大个子”等丰富的考古新发掘,表明从2200万年前的原始类人猿到200万年前的人类物种均已在非洲发现,非洲发现的人类早期演变的头盖骨化石系列最为齐全。同时,分子遗传基因研究为人类起源于非洲提供了新证据,近年的语言学研究也有类似推论。关于现代人类起源和传播的讨论,学界仍在持续深化中。Although there is no consensus regarding the human origin,Africa is generally recognized as one or the only birthplace of humanity.This important conclusion comes from valuable and continuous human fossil discoveries by archaeologists in Africa.In 1924,Raymond Dart discovered Taung fossil skull and termed it Australopithecus africanus.He claimed it represented a crucial"missing link"in the evolution of modem humankind,a view highly contested at the time.However,twenty-five years were to pass before the significance of Australopithecus gained general scientific acceptance after archaeological excavation of different types of hominid fossils from the continent.More evidences from the fossil of primitive ape of 22 million years ago to the hominid fossil of 2 million years ago have been discovered in Africa since the beginning of the 21s'century,such as"Tumai","Ileret footprints"and"Kadanumu",indicating a complete chain with various evidence.Moreover,the molecular genetic research in past years has provided new evidence for human origin in Africa.The research on hominid origin and evolution is still going on and there is no definite conclusion yet to this day.

关 键 词：人类起源 人类化石 雷蒙德·达特 “南方古猿非洲种” “汤恩小孩” 非洲考古 进化论 

分 类 号：D814.1[政治法律—国际关系]