阿科松博大坝与加纳国家建构  

Akosombo Dam and the State-building of Ghana

作　　者：冯理达 Feng Lida

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2024年第4期140-158,164,共20页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项2021年度重大招标项目“《非洲通史》(多卷本)”(LSYZD21022)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：独立初期,加纳的国家建构面临政治和经济上的困境,建设阿科松博大坝为破解这一困境提供了机遇。大坝为该国初兴的工业生产提供了水电能源,同时提高了居民电力覆盖率;部分电力资源还出口到周边国家,使加纳迈出了摆脱单一经济结构和外部依赖的重要一步;大坝本身的形象,经过加纳政府的改造,也从殖民主义项目成为国家的新象征,推动了加纳国民建立起对新生国家的认同。此外,以大坝建设为契机,恩克鲁玛通过官僚机构和专家团队对长期处于边缘地位的沃尔特河盆地区域进行了改造,使该区域被纳入国家行政管理之中,加强了居民对国家的依赖以及区域同国家政治经济的融合,提高了国家治理能力。虽然阿科松博大坝项目在推动国家建构方面的效果受到了国内、国际政治环境以及大坝本身设计、管理等多方因素制约,但大坝对加纳国家建构仍起到了不可替代的作用。The construction of the Akosombo Dam offers an opportunity to overcome political and economic difficulties in state-building in the early years of independence.The hydro-power generated by the dam has supplied the country's fledgling industry,increased the electrification rate and exported to neighboring countries,taking Ghana a vital step away from a single economic structure and external dependence.The image of the dam,transformed from a colonial project to a new symbol of the country,has strengthened Chanaians'identity to the new state.Through professional bureaucracies,Nkrumah transformed the marginalized Volta River Basin society,bringing the region under state administration,increasing local people's dependence on the state and integrating the area into the country's political and economic system,thus enhanced state capacities.While the effectiveness of the Akosombo Dam in promoting state-building is constrained by the domestic and international political environment and the design flaws of the dam itself,for the time being,the Akosombo Dam still plays an irreplaceable role in the state-building of Ghana.

关 键 词：国家建构 加纳 阿科松博大坝 恩克鲁玛 

分 类 号：D737.9[政治法律—政治学]