农民集体决议行为的制度缺失与完善路径  

The Institutional Deficiency and Improvement of Collective Decision-making Behavior among Farmers

作　　者：刘婧娟[1] Liu Jingjuan

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学应用文理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《法学杂志》2024年第4期141-157,共17页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：北京市教育委员会社会科学计划重点项目“乡村振兴战略下北京市农村宅基地有效利用法律问题研究”(项目编号:SZ202211417027)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：《民法总则》首次将决议行为列入民事法律行为范畴,农民集体决议行为是非常典型的一种。然而,农民集体决议行为的基础理论和具体制度设计缺位,导致如下问题:决议行为的主体模糊,行政组织和经济组织容易混同;决议行为的程序规范缺失,“一刀切”的多数决和缺乏规范的代表会议授权难以充分保护农民权益;决议行为的效力评价和救济机制不够明确。应当在村民自治组织和集体经济组织分别立法的基础上,按照政经分开的原则,根据所议事项的性质对决议行为进行类型化区分,设计不同的成员资格标准、不同的决议程序规则。同时,应当将农民集体决议行为纳入司法审查范围,明确诉讼主体,完善行为实体性审查与程序性审查,并且按照行为类型确定不同的审查强度。The General Principles of Civil Law for the first time include decision-making behavior in the category of civil legal acts,and collective decision-making behavior of farmers is a very typical type.However,the lack of basic theory and specific institutional design regarding the collective decision-making behavior of farmers has led to the following problems:the subject of decision-making behavior is vague,and administrative organizations and economic organizations are easily confused;the lack of procedural norms for decision-making behavior makes it difficult to fully protect the rights and interests of farmers through the“one-size-fits-all”majority decision and unrestricted authorization by village representative meetings;the effectiveness evaluation and relief mechanism of the resolution action have not yet been clarified.Subsequent legislation should be based on the separate legislation of villagers'self-governing organizations and collective economic organizations,following the principle of political and economic separation,and categorizing resolution behaviors according to the nature of the discussed matters,designing different membership standards,and different resolution procedure rules.At the same time,the collective decision-making behavior of farmers should be included in the scope of judicial review,the litigation subject should be clarified,the substantive and procedural review of the behavior should be improved,and the intensity of the reviews should be determined according to the type of behavior.

关 键 词：农民集体决议 村民自治 集体经济组织 成员资格 简单多数决 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D921.8[政治法律—法学]