“真番不多,汉居其半”:明代中后期川西北地区的跨境流动、族群关系与国家治理  

Transregional Movement,Ethnic Relationship and Imperial Administration in the Mid-late Ming Northwest Sichuan Areas

作　　者：胡箫白 Hu Xiaobai

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,南京210023

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期53-66,229,共15页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国土司历史地理考释与地图集编绘”(23&ZD260)。

摘　　要：明代中后期是川西北地区“国家化”进程逐步推进、“中央—边地”权力格局发生重大变化的历史时段。从成化朝开始,川西北边防渐趋废弛,地方番众频繁攻击明军粮运及班军队伍,造成区域汉番势力失衡。在此态势下,大量边卫兵士或主动逃离军役投入番寨生活,或遭到掳掠而成为番众进行人口贩卖及索要赎金的对象。明代中后期川西北汉族人口进入山间聚落,构成了一种特殊形态的跨境流动现象。及至明代后期,川西北边卫因应王朝边略调整而发起“嘉、万大征”,镇服地方势力、招抚离境汉族人众,在改变地方社会基层组织架构的同时,深化了区域纳入王朝体系的程度。考察由跨境流动促发的族群关系变动,是立体化理解明代中后期西部边区国家治理形态的关键视角。Northwest Sichuan areas were intervened into the imperial system step by step in the mid-late Ming period,resulting in the restructuring of center-periphery relationship.From the Chenghua reign,the northwest Sichuan frontier defense system was gradually worn out,and local non-Han communities frequently attacked the Ming's grain-shipping caravans and alternate-soldier groups.Many frontier soldiers hence either ran away from their military posts on their own will or captured and enslaved by the local nonHan communities,indicating a special form of border-crossing movement.In the late Ming,the Ming readjusted its frontier defense strategy and launched large-scale military actions toward northwest Sichuan non-Han communities,taming non-Han forces and bringing back deserters and captives to the Ming's imperial system.While the on-the-ground social structure in northwest Sichuan was reshaped after the military actions,the Ming's imperial power penetrated into the local society in a deeper manner.Examining the changing ethnic relationship caused by border-crossing migration provides us with an angle to understand the mid-late Ming frontier governance.

关 键 词：明代中后期 川西北 跨境流动 族群关系 国家治理 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] C95[政治法律—中外政治制度] K248[社会学—民族学]