论乡贤的信义义务  

Fiduciary Duty of Rural Sage

作　　者：徐祖澜[1] Xu Zulan

机构地区：[1]扬州大学法学院,扬州225127

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期174-186,233,共14页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：乡贤信义义务作为信义义务规范的扩张,意在从法律角度超越乡贤研究专注道德评判的模糊性。这种法律扩张是基于乡贤恪守信义的法理而产生的次第性规范重塑行动:首先,乡贤与信义的关联,源自人们对乡贤德才兼备的价值认知;继而,该价值通过乡贤惠及乡里的私法行为得以具化,受诚信原则的强行性约束;最终,从诚信原则到法律规范,意味着乡贤对乡民负担必要的信义义务。在我国乡村社会,优位的乡贤与弱位的乡民是一种事实状态,根据信义法的一般法则,乡贤在涉及乡民的特定法律关系中应履行忠实义务与注意义务。但现实中,践行信义义务并非坦途,存在着诸如乡贤的法律定位失准及其信任危机所导致的规范陷阱等风险。为此,乡贤的信义义务应予以调适,既满足一般信义规范的共性,又要契合我国乡村社会的实际,即不仅在形式上肯定乡贤信义义务合同条款型与组织制度型的共存,而且在履行上尝试建立以规制不当利益为中心的忠实义务判断标准和以行使合理权能为中心的注意义务判断标准。The expansion of the legal norms of integrity and obligation in the domain of rural sages rooted in the adherence to the principle of integrity by the local elites.This legal expansion is a sequential normative reshaping action based on the understanding of the value of integrity and competence possessed by the local elites:firstly,the connection between rural sages and integrity originates from people's recognition of the value of virtue and talent possessed by the local elites;subsequently,this value is materialized through the private legal actions benefiting the local community,constrained by the compulsory principle of good faith;finally,from the principle of good faith to legal norms,it implies that rural sage bears necessary integrity obligations towards the local residents.In the rural society of our country,the dominant position of rural sages and the weaker position of local residents are a factual status.According to the general principles of the law of integrity,rural sages should fulfill faithful obligations and duty of care in specific legal relationships involving local residents.However,in reality,practicing integrity obligation is not straightforward,as there are risks such as normative traps caused by the misalignment of legal positioning of rural sages and their trust crisis.Therefore,the integrity obligations of rural sages should be adjusted to not only meet the common norms of integrity but also to fit the reality of rural society in our country.This means not only affirming the coexistence of contractual and organizational integrity obligation models of rural sages in form,but also attempting to establish faithful obligation judgment standards centered on regulating improper interests and duty of care judgment standards centered on exercising reasonable powers in practice.

关 键 词：乡贤 乡民 信义义务 诚信原则 德才观念 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学] D920.0[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]