贸易自由化背景下制造业企业的抉择——服务化还是离岸生产?  

Manufacturing Enterprises’Choice under Context of Trade Liberalization:Servitization or Offshore Production?

作　　者：肖挺[1] 叶浩 Xiao Ting;Ye Hao

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学国际经贸学院

出　　处：《统计研究》2024年第7期106-118,共13页Statistical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目“制造企业业务维度对服务化收益影响机制研究:基于与服务供应商合作关系的视角”(72262015);江西财经大学第十八届学生科研课题“家族企业服务化战略驱动外向型经济的机制与策略研究:基于社会情感财富视角”(20231014094321728)。

摘　　要：在贸易自由化背景下,进口对我国企业的经营战略调整与绩效产生较大影响,本文基于2011—2019年期间联合国商品贸易统计数据库中我国的上市企业等数据构建均衡模型开展研究,分析贸易自由化对制造业企业经营战略和绩效的影响。实证研究发现,贸易自由化显著提高了制造业企业涉足服务业的概率,但企业主要涉足的是与自身生产活动高度相关的嵌入式服务;企业也会因竞争而将生产活动转移到国外实现离岸生产,其中选择在发达国家建厂的概率大于发展中国家。大部分企业受限于技术、人力和财务等资源,不会同时选择上述两类活动。企业在贸易自由化的背景下也会出现绩效亏损可能性提高的问题。高生产率的企业更容易参与提供服务业务或进行离岸生产活动,而出口企业受到贸易自由化影响出现亏损的可能性较小。企业实现制造业服务化的主要途径是通过在内部将制造部门的员工转向服务部门。来自印度、越南等新兴国家的竞争对于企业战略调整的影响大于来自日本、韩国等发达国家的影响。本研究对于贸易自由化下我国企业应对进口竞争具有一定现实意义。In the context of trade liberalization,imports have a significant impact on the operational strategy adjustment and performance of Chinese enterprises.This study constructs an equilibrium model based on data from the listed companies in China from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database during the period of 2011—2019,and analyzes the impact of trade liberalization on the operational strategy and performance of manufacturing enterprises.The empirical study has found that trade liberalization significantly increases the probability of manufacturing companies entering the service industry.However,the main focus of these companies is on embedded services that are highly related to their own production activities.In response to competition,companies may also relocate their production activities offshore,but the probability of choosing to establish factories in developed countries is higher than in developing countries.Constrained by resources as technology,human resources,and finance,most companies will not simultaneously engage in both types of activities mentioned above.Due to the competition from trade liberalization,companies may also face a higher possibility of performance losses.High-productivity companies are more likely to engage in service provision or offshore production activities,while export-oriented companies are less likely to experience losses due to trade liberalization.The main way for companies to achieve the service transformation of their manufacturing is by redirecting employees from the manufacturing department to the service industry internally.The impact of competition from emerging countries such as India and Vietnam on corporate strategic adjustments is greater than that of developed countries such as Japan and South Korea.This study has certain practical significance for Chinese enterprises to cope with import competition under trade liberalization.

关 键 词：贸易自由化 制造业服务化 离岸生产 嵌入式服务 员工结构 

分 类 号：F222.3[经济管理—国民经济]