强化竞争政策基础地位法律建构  

Strengthening the Fundamental Position of Competition Policy

作　　者：张占江 Zhang Zhanjiang(Guanghua Law School of Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310008)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310008

出　　处：《政法论丛》2024年第4期32-46,共15页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“数字经济时代个人信息的反垄断法保护研究”(21BFX112)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：从以产业政策为主到强化竞争政策的基础地位,是国家经济治理方式的根本性变革,旨在充分发挥反垄断法对政府干预行为的规制作用,确保其他政策与竞争政策保持一致。以一种干预约束另一种干预,意味着反垄断法实际地位的提升与作用的拓展,必须依赖于宪法的权威;同时又不能逾越宪法的授权,避免将其推至绝对优先的地位,不当削弱其他政府干预。这一命题准确的法学意蕴,在于以竞争为导向的跨部门法的法秩序重整。从基本权利保护到尊重私法自治,再到考虑政府干预的经济合理性,最终着眼于确保经济秩序的整体正确性;在与宪法、民法、行政法的对话中,反垄断法回归到“经济性宪法”的地位,形成对其他公共政策的制约。有效落实这一顶层设计,需要基于反垄断法,又必须超越反垄断法:需要以反垄断法的理念、标准和工具统领整个监管体系的构造;更需要以其他法律弥补反垄断法的局限,共同为维持和强化竞争创造条件。The policy shift from the priority of industrial policy to strengthening the fundamental position of competition policy is a radical change in the way of national economic governance,which aims at giving full play to the regulatory role of Anti-Monopoly Law on government interventions,and ensuring that other policies such as industrial policy are consistent with competition policy.To constrain one intervention with another,means that the improvement of the actual status and the expansion of the function of the Anti-Monopoly Law relies on the authority of the Constitution,and cannot overstep the authorization of the Constitution,avoiding pushing it to the position of absolute priority,and improperly weakening other government interventions at the same time.The accurate legal implication of this proposition is the reorganization of the legal order of the cross-departmental laws oriented by competition.From the protection of fundamental rights to the respect for autonomy of private law,and then to the consideration of the economic rationality of government interventions,and ultimately to the concentration on ensuring the overall legitimacy of the economic order,the Anti-Monopoly Law returns to the status of“economic constitution”and forms restrictions on other public policies during the dialogue with the Constitution,the Civil Law,and the Administrative Law.Based on and also beyond the Anti-Monopoly Law,the effective implementation of this top-level design requires the concepts,the standards and the tools of Anti-Monopoly Law to guide the construction of the entire regulatory system,and more other laws to make up for the limitations of the Anti-Monopoly Law,which jointly create conditions for maintaining and strengthening competition.

关 键 词：竞争政策 基础地位 经济性宪法 基本权利 竞争自由 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]