气候变化咨询意见案法律争议与我国因应  

The Role of International Judicial Bodies in Global Climate Governance

作　　者：阙占文[1] Que Zhanwen(Sun Yat-sen University School of Law,Guangzhou Guangdong 510275)

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《政法论丛》2024年第4期173-184,共12页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大专项(20VHQ005);法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目(22SFB3033);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)资助项目(SML2023SP222)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：面对气候变化带来的巨大影响,不满全球气候治理成效,且受国内气候诉讼发展影响,一些国家推动国际司法机构就气候变化发表咨询意见。发表咨询意见以咨询管辖权为前提。条约没有明确赋予咨询管辖权时,国际司法机构依据部分国家间的国际协定确立其管辖权,缺乏国家同意基础。气候变化是国际社会共同关切事项,涉及各方利益。咨询意见没有法律约束力,但存在规范上的外部性,对其他国家适应和减缓气候变化义务产生影响。鉴于气候变化问题的政治性和复杂性,咨询意见可能强化不同群体间的对立,阻碍全球气候行动。国际司法机构应审慎考虑发表咨询意见。我国应积极参与咨询程序,尝试在条约中限制国际司法机构管辖权,推动全球气候治理。Climate change is an essential threat to small island states,which call on strengthening adaption action.Domestic climate change litigation indicated the role of judicial bodies in climate change governance.Recently,some international judicial bodies were asked to provide advisory opinions on climate change.Although the treaty did not stipulate the advisory jurisdiction,ITLOS interpreted its jurisdiction in light of the agreement among several countries,leading to concerns about the over⁃expansion of its advisory jurisdiction.Climate change is a common concern of the international community and involves the interests of all parties.Although advisory opinions are not legally binding,they have an impact on the obligations of other States.Given the political and complex nature of climate change issues,advisory opinions could reinforce antagonisms between different interest groups and impede global climate action.International judicial bodies should carefully consider their jurisdiction and the effects of issuing advisory opinions.We should actively participate in the advisory proceedings,imposing limitations on the jurisdiction expansion,and promote global climate governance.

关 键 词：气候变化 国际司法机构 咨询意见 国家同意原则 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学] D922.68[政治法律—法学]