科学中的新划界问题及其解决策略——以道格拉斯的功能主义划界策略为例  

The new demarcation problem in science and its solutions:Taking Douglas's functionalist demarcation strategy as an example

作　　者：陈明益 胡婧雯 CHEN Mingyi;HU Jingwen(School of Marxism,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学马克思主义学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《浙江理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期399-404,共6页Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University：Social Sciences

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(20231V013-012)。

摘　　要：科学中的新划界问题受到科学哲学家们越来越多的关注和讨论。这一问题源于哲学家们对科学的价值中立理想的普遍否定,既然科学活动无法完全避免价值的参与,那么如何区分价值在科学活动中所发挥的合法与不合法的作用,以及如何能够在受非认识价值的影响下守护科学的真实与权威就成为一个重要问题。为了解决新划界问题,道格拉斯提出一种区分价值在科学活动中的直接和间接作用的功能主义划界策略,以平衡价值与科学的关系。然而,这种策略存在很大的缺陷,特别是它无法应用于不共享同一套价值的领域。许多哲学家在批评道格拉斯的功能主义划界策略基础上试图为新划界问题的解决提供更合理的标准,同时发展出各种替代理论,但是这些替代理论方案仍然存在各种困难,解决新划界问题还有待进一步探索。The problem of new demarcation in science has attracted increasing attention and discussion among philosophers of science. This problem stems from the general rejection of the value-free ideal in scientific activities. Since scientific activities cannot completely avoid the participation of values, how to distinguish the legitimate and illegitimate roles of values in scientific activities and how to protect the truth and authority of science under the influence of non-epistemic values become an important issue. In order to resolve the new demarcation problem, Douglas proposed a functionalist demarcation strategy to distinguish the direct and indirect roles of value in scientific activities to balance the relationship between value and science. However, this widely discussed strategy is still flawed, especially because it cannot be applied to areas that do not share the same set of values. Many philosophers have criticized Douglas′s functionalist demarcation strategy and instead provide a complete set of criteria for the resolution of the new demarcation problem, and at the same time develop various alternative theories. But these theories still have inevitable difficulties in solving the new demarcation problem. Therefore, further exploration is needed to address this problem.

关 键 词：价值中立理想 新划界问题 道格拉斯 认识价值 非认识价值 

分 类 号：B152[哲学宗教—世界哲学]