紫苏精油纳米乳液对非成虫期淡色库蚊杀灭活性的初步探讨  

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE TOXIC ACTIVITY OF NANOEMULSION-PERILLA ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST NON-ADULT STAGES OF CULEX PIPIENS PALLENS

作　　者：张文星 张颖 张瑞敏 李瑞[2] 沈波 ZHAGN Wen-xing;ZHANG Ying;ZHANG Rui-min;LI Rui;SHEN Bo(Department of Pathogen Biology,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Nanjing Medical University,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 211166,Jiangsu,China;School of Pharmacy Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学基础医学院病原生物学系,江苏省现代病原生物学重点实验室,南京211166 [2]南京医科大学药学院,南京211166

出　　处：《寄生虫与医学昆虫学报》2024年第2期104-110,共7页Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.81971970,81672058)。

摘　　要：目的探讨紫苏精油及紫苏精油纳米乳液对淡色库蚊Culex pipiens pallens幼虫、蛹的毒性活性,为开发安全有效的植物源杀蚊剂提供科学依据。方法测定紫苏精油和纳米乳液对淡色库蚊幼虫和蛹的杀灭活性、持效性以及对非靶标生物的毒性。结果紫苏精油对一龄、二龄、三龄幼虫LC_(50)分别为25.4、43.0、46.6 mg/L;紫苏精油纳米乳液对一龄、二龄、三龄幼虫的LC_(50)分别为<25.0、35.1、38.1 mg/L。在幼虫的各阶段中,同等浓度下,纳米乳液的杀灭活性明显强于纯精油;在蛹期,同一浓度下,24、48 h精油组死亡率分别为1.3%、2.0%,而精油纳米乳组分别为34.7%、40%。在高浓度下,精油杀蚊幼活性仅维持1~2 d,而纳米乳液的杀灭活性可延长至5 d;精油和纳米乳对于常见水生植物是无毒的;对于水中的鱼类,纳米乳包裹精油后毒性大幅度降低。结论与紫苏精油纯液相比,纳米乳液制剂更加稳定,对淡色库蚊幼虫、蛹的杀灭活性增高,对非靶标生物毒性减弱。紫苏精油纳米乳液有望作为一种绿色、可持续、有效的杀蚊剂,应用于现场非成虫期蚊媒控制。Objective To investigate the toxic activity of perilla essential oil(PE-EO)and PE-EO nanoemulsion on larvae and pupae of Culex pipiens pallens.The findings of this study will provide a scientific basis for the development of safe and effective plant-derived mosquitoicides.Methods The larvicidal and pupicidal activity,the duration of action of PE-EO nanoemulsion against Cx.pipiens pallens,and toxicity to non-target organisms were determined using a series of laboratory bioassays.Results The LC_(50)of PE-EO against L1,L2,L3 larvae was 25.4,43.0,46.6 mg/L,while those of nanoemulsion-PE-EO against L1,L2,L3 larvae was<25.0,35.1,38.1 mg/L respectively.At all larvae stages,the larvicidal activity of the nanoemulsion was significantly greater than that of pure EO at the same concentration.In pupal stage,the mortality of PE-EO at 24 h and 48 h were 1.3%and 2%,while that of nanoemulsion-PE-EO were 34.7%and 40%.The larvicidal activity of the essential oil(EO)is limited to a period of 1-2 days,whereas the nanoemulsion can maintain its efficacy for up to 5 days.Neither the EO nor the nanoemulsion exhibited any toxicity towards aquatic plants.However,the toxicity of the PE-EO mixture towards fish was significantly reduced following nanoemulsion encapsulation.Conclusion In comparison to PE-EO,the nanoemulsion displays enhanced stability,which has resulted in augmented killing activity against mosquito larvae and a reduction in toxicity to non-target organisms.Nanoemulsion-PE-EO has the potential to serve as an environmentally friendly,sustainable and efficacious larvicide for mosquito vector control.

关 键 词：淡色库蚊 紫苏精油 纳米乳液 杀幼剂 蚊媒防制 

分 类 号：R384.1[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]