北极地区热融湖分布特征及变化机制研究  

Distribution charactieristics and change mechanisms of thermokarst lakes in the Arctic

作　　者：刘诗奇 王平[1,2] 于静洁 蔡红艳[3] 杨林生 牟翠翠[5] 刘昌明 LIU Shiqi;WANG Ping;YU Jingjie;CAI Hongyan;YANG Linsheng;MU Cuicui;LIU Changming(Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Ministry of Education,College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所、中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所、资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所、中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [5]兰州大学资源环境学院西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《地理学报》2024年第7期1751-1767,共17页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42371033);国家自然科学基金中俄合作研究项目(42061134017);国家科技基础资源调查专项课题(2022FY101900,2022FY101901)。

摘　　要：北极热融湖作为多年冻土区典型热喀斯特景观之一,其分布和变化规律深刻影响着区域的生态植被、水文和碳循环过程。然而,对于整个北极热融湖分布特征和变化机制的理解仍然不足,为此,本文基于荟萃分析和数理统计方法,对热融湖的分布规律和变化机制展开研究。结果表明,北极热融湖的分布和变化具有较强的时空异质性,且与多年冻土条件、岩石土壤类型、地下冰含量和土壤温度等密切相关。大部分北极热融湖分布在连续多年冻土区、地下冰含量高于10%、平均土壤温度在-4℃以上且存在一定垂向土壤温度差异的具有特定岩石和土壤类型的地区,而不同环境条件下的热融湖变化趋势存在差异。总体上,北极热融湖的变化过程包括初始形成、中期扩张和晚期萎缩三大阶段,且受到水量与水热平衡的双重影响。热融湖作为反映多年冻土退化和气候环境变化的重要指示,对北极生态系统碳循环、水文过程和生态环境变化等均具有深远影响。Thermokarst lakes,as prominent thermokarst landscapes in permafrost regions,significantly influence ecological vegetation,hydrological processes,and carbon cycling in the Arctic.However,the current understanding of the distribution characteristics and change mechanisms of Arctic thermokarst lakes remains limited.To address this gap,this study employs meta-analysis and mathematical statistical methods to investigate the distribution patterns and dynamics of thermokarst lakes.The results reveal a pronounced spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the distribution and changes of Arctic thermokarst lakes.These variations are closely associated with permafrost conditions,lithology,soil types,subterranean ice content,and soil temperatures.Most Arctic thermokarst lakes are located in continuous permafrost area,where subterranean ice content exceeds 10%,average soil temperatures are above-4°C,and there are specific vertical soil temperature gradients.The change trends of thermokarst lakes differ under various environmental conditions.Generally,the development of thermokarst lakes follows three stages:initial formation,mid-term expansion,and late-stage contraction,all influenced by hydrological and thermohydrological balances.As critical indicators of permafrost degradation and climatic environmental changes,thermokarst lakes profoundly impact carbon cycling,hydrological processes,and ecological environmental changes within the Arctic ecosystem.

关 键 词：热融湖 多年冻土 土壤 岩性 地下冰 北极 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学] P642.25[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]