天津市应急响应期间VOCs污染特征及来源解析  

Characteristics and Source Analysis of VOCs Pollution During Emergency Response in Tianjin

作　　者：姚璐 罗忠伟 华琨 李亚菲 顾瑶 宋立来 毕申雨 尹思涵 寇鸣琦 毕晓辉[1] 张裕芬[1] 冯银厂[1] YAO Lu;LUO Zhong-wei;HUA Kun;LI Ya-fei;GU Yao;SONG Li-lai;BI Shen-yu;YIN Si-han;KOU Ming-qi;BI Xiao-hui;ZHANG Yu-fen;FENG Yin-chang(China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research,State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Particulate Air Pollution Prevention,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China;Tianjin Jinnan District Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,中国气象局南开大学大气环境与健康研究联合实验室,国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,天津300350 [2]天津市津南区生态环境监测中心,天津300350

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第8期4448-4458,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3705804)。

摘　　要：为探究重污染天气污染过程VOCs化学组分特征及主要来源,利用2019~2020年天津市11次重污染天气预警及应急响应前后逐小时VOCs在线数据,分析环境受体中VOCs化学组分变化特征,并利用正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型及二元条件概率函数(CBPF)解析其来源.结果表明,在重污染天气预警及应急响应期间,观测点φ(VOCs)均值为35.7×10^(-9).冬季应急响应期间VOCs体积分数较秋季有所增加,其中烯烃增加48%,烷烃增加4%.重污染天气预警及应急响应期间污染累积阶段,不同VOCs组分其变化幅度有明显差异,橙色预警期间,烷烃占比增加36%,乙炔占比下降32%;黄色预警期间,烷烃占比增长14%,乙炔占比下降5%.重污染天气预警及应急响应期间,机动车排放源、天然气挥发源及溶剂使用源是环境受体中VOCs主要贡献源,贡献率分别为17.5%、15.4%和15.2%.相比应急响应前,黄色预警期间机动车排放源和柴油挥发源对环境受体中VOCs的贡献率分别减少2.0%~5.5%和2.1%~6.6%,溶剂使用源贡献率减少0.2%~2.4%;橙色预警期间,机动车排放源贡献率减少0.1%~8.3%,溶剂使用源贡献率减少0.5%~6.2%.To elucidate the characteristics of VOCs chemical components during heavy pollution episodes,hourly online VOCs data derived from 11 heavy pollution events in Tianjin from 2019 to 2020 were employed.The positive matrix factorization(PMF)and conditional bivariate probability function(CBPF)were employed to analyze the sources of VOCs during heavy pollution episodes.The results indicated that the average VOCs volume fraction during these episodes was recorded at 35.7×10^(-9).Furthermore,it was observed that during the winter emergency response period,there was a discernible increase in the volume fraction of VOCs when compared to that during the autumn season.Specifically,there was a notable upswing of 48%in the olefins category,whereas alkanes registered a 4%increase.Additionally,the VOCs component structure changed significantly during the heavy pollution episodes.During the orange warning period,the proportion of alkanes increased by 36%,and the proportion of acetylene decreased by 32%.During the yellow warning period,the proportion of alkanes increased by 14%,and the proportion of acetylene decreased by 5%.During the emergency response period,motor vehicle emission sources,natural gas evaporative sources,and solvent use sources were the main contributors of VOCs in environmental receptors,contributing 17.5%,15.4%,and 15.2%,respectively.Compared with that during the period antecedent to the emergency response,the contribution of vehicle emission sources and diesel volatile sources to VOCs in environmental receptors decreased by 2.0%to 5.5%and 2.1%to 6.6%,respectively,and the contribution of solvent use sources decreased by 0.2%to 2.4%during the yellow warning period.During the orange warning period,the contribution of motor vehicle emission sources was reduced by 0.1%to 8.3%,and the contribution of solvent use sources was reduced by 0.5%to 6.2%.

关 键 词：应急响应 挥发性有机化合物(VOCs) 正定矩阵因子分解(PMF) 二元条件概率函数(CBPF) 来源解析 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]