石家庄市城区春季VOCs污染特征及来源解析  

Pollution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of VOCs in Urban Areas of Shijiazhuang in Spring

作　　者：于玉洁 杨臣强 杨瑞 张顺心 王合宇 刘大喜[1,2] 聂赛赛 王帅 崔建升 李双江[1,2] 王云霞 YU Yu-jie;YANG Chen-qiang;YANG Rui;ZHANG Shun-xin;WANG He-yu;LIU Da-xi;NIE Sai-sai;WANG Shuai;CUI Jian-sheng;LI Shuang-jiang;WANG Yun-xia(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention Biotechnology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China;CECEP Talroad Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100085,China;Hebei Yuhong Project Management Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050035,China;Institute of Geographical Sciences,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050011,China;Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Geographic Information Application,Shijiazhuang 050011,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院,石家庄050018 [2]河北省污染防治生物技术实验室,石家庄050018 [3]中节能天融科技有限公司,北京100085 [4]河北煜鸿项目管理咨询有限公司,石家庄050035 [5]河北省科学院地理科学研究所,石家庄050011 [6]河北省地理信息开发应用技术创新中心,石家庄050011

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第8期4459-4469,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：河北省重点研发项目(21374001D);河北省科学院科技计划项目(22113)。

摘　　要：利用苏码罐采样-气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC/MS)监测石家庄市2019年、2021年和2022年春季挥发性有机物(VOCs),并收集同期臭氧(O_(3))和PM_(2.5)在线监测数据,分析了挥发性有机物(VOCs)浓度水平特征和时序变化,并利用臭氧生成潜势(OFP)和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAFP)评估了VOCs的化学活性,通过潜在源贡献因子法(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹分析(CWT)识别石家庄市春季VOCs潜在源区,通过特征比值法对VOCs进行来源解析.结果表明:①2019年、2021年和2022年石家庄市春季(即观测期)污染期ρ(VOCs)均值为191.17μg·m^(-3),清洁期ρ(VOCs)均值为122.18μg·m^(-3).②OFP在污染期为361.23μg·m^(-3),在清洁期为266.96μg·m^(-3);SOAFP在污染期为1.98μg·m^(-3),在清洁期为1.61μg·m^(-3),控制好苯系物,尤其是苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯是减少PM_(2.5)和O_(3)污染的关键.③观测期VOCs潜在源区主要分布在裕华区东部、高新区和栾城区北部,权重CWT分布与主要权重PSCF分布相统一,除本地排放外还受到临近区域传输的影响.④由B/T/E及X/B的值,石家庄市春季VOCs的主要来源为移动源和燃烧源,且气团老化较严重,控制机动车排放、开展区域联防联控是改善石家庄市空气质量的有效手段.Samples of ambient volatile organic compounds(VOCs)were collected using SUMMA canisters at three Country Control Sites in Shijiazhuang during the spring of 2019,2021,and 2022,which were detected using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS).To investigate the characteristics and temporal variations of VOCs mass concentration levels,the online monitoring data of ozone(O_(3))and PM_(2.5) at the same site were also collected.Subsequently,the ozone formation potential(OFP)and secondary organic aerosol formation potential(SOAFP)were utilized to assess the chemical activity of VOCs.Additionally,the potential source areas of VOCs in spring in Shijiazhuang were further identified using the potential source contribution factor(PSCF)method and concentration weight trajectory analysis(CWT).Hence,the major VOCs sources were evaluated with the VOCs initial mixing ratio.The results demonstrated that the averaged concentration of VOCs during the polluted period and clean period of spring in Shijiazhuang were 191.17µg·m^(-3)and 122.18µg·m^(-3),respectively.Meanwhile,the OFP was 361.23µg·m^(-3)during the polluted period and 266.96µg·m^(-3)during the clean period,whereas the SOAFP was 1.98µg·m^(-3)and 1.61µg·m^(-3),respectively.Therefore,effective control of benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylene(BTEX)is crucial for reducing PM_(2.5) and O_(3)pollution.Based on the results obtained from weight PSCF and CWT,the potential source areas of VOCs were further identified to be primarily located in the eastern Yuhua District,the high-tech district,and the northern Luancheng District of Shijiazhuang.These areas were influenced not only by local emissions but also by transport from neighboring regions,in which consistency between the CWT and PSCF results further supported these findings.Furthermore,the results obtained from the benzene/toluene/ethylbenzene(B/T/E)and xylene/benzene(X/B)ratios indicated that the main sources of VOCs in Shijiazhuang in spring were vehicle exhaust sources and burning sources,leading to a more s

关 键 词：石家庄市 挥发性有机物(VOCs) 污染特征 臭氧生成潜势(OFP) 二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAFP) 来源解析 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]