无定河及延河流域不同时空尺度下土地利用对水质的影响  

Effects of Landscape Pattern on Water Quality at Different Spatial and Temporal Scales in Wuding River Basin and Yanhe River Basin

作　　者：张旭达 韩谞 孙长顺 张嘉渭 胡竞翔 黄振宇 潘保柱 ZHANG Xu-da;HAN Xu;SUN Chang-shun;ZHANG Jia-wei;HU Jing-xiang;HUANG Zhen-yu;PAN Bao-zhu(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China;Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science,Xi'an 710069,China;School of Science,Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University,Suzhou 215123,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [2]陕西省环境科学研究院,西安710069 [3]西交利物浦大学理学院,苏州215123

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第8期4540-4552,共13页Environmental Science

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划重点产业链(群)项目(2021ZDLSF05-10)。

摘　　要：为探究不同土地利用格局的流域在不同时空尺度下土地利用与水质之间的关系,以无定河和延河两流域为研究对象,基于2020年土地利用数据和两个时期的水质监测数据,采用冗余分析方法定量探讨多个尺度上土地利用对水质的影响.结果表明:①两流域内主要土地利用类型均为耕地和草地,差异主要在裸地和林地面积占比上;②两流域内部分水质指标存在明显时空差异,春季水质优于秋季且中下游水质相对较差;③两流域河岸尺度上的土地利用对总体水质的解释率最大;④无定河流域土地利用在秋季对水质影响比春季更显著,延河流域呈相反趋势;⑤不同的土地利用对水质有不同的影响,无定河流域内裸地、耕地和香农多样性指数(SHDI)对水质影响较为显著,延河流域则为草地、耕地、人造地表、斑块密度(PD)和SHDI.无定河流域内耕地和人造地表对水质有负面影响,草地和裸地与大部分化学指标呈现负相关性;延河流域人造地表和草地对水质有负面影响,林地对水质有明显净化效果.研究结果为可持续土地利用和多尺度景观规划提供了重要信息,可用于改善水质.To explore the relationship between land use and water quality in basins with different land use patterns at different spatial and temporal scales,the Wuding River Basin and Yanhe River Basin were taken as research objects.Based on land use data in 2020 and water quality monitoring data during two periods,the redundancy analysis method was adopted to quantitatively explore the impact of land use on water quality at multiple scales.The results showed that:①The main land use types in the two basins were cultivated land and grassland,and the difference was mainly in the proportion of bare land and forest land.②The water quality in spring was better than that in autumn,and the water quality in the middle and lower reaches was worse.③The interpretation rate of land use on the riparian scale was the highest in the two basins.④The effect of land use on water quality was more significant in the Wuding River Basin in autumn than in spring,whereas the Yanhe River Basin showed the opposite trend.⑤Different land uses had different impacts on water quality.Bare land,cultivated land,and Shannon diversity index(SHDI)in the Wuding River Basin had significant impacts on water quality,whereas grassland,cultivated land,artificial surface,patch density(PD),and SHDI were significant in the Yanhe River Basin.Cultivated land and artificial surfaces in the Wuding River Basin had a negative impact on water quality.Grassland and bare land had a negative correlation with most chemical indicators.Artificial surfaces and grasslands in the Yanhe River Basin had a negative impact on water quality,whereas forest land had a significant purification effect.The research results provide important information for sustainable land use and multi-scale landscape planning,which can be used to improve water quality.

关 键 词：土地利用 水质 无定河流域 延河流域 多时空尺度 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]