陆地地表水卫星遥感监测进展与展望  

Progress and prospects in satellite remote sensing monitoring of terrestrial surface water

作　　者：苏雅楠 陈圣乾 冯敏 陈发虎 Yanan Su;Shengqian Chen;Min Feng;Fahu Chen(State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Resources and Environment,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Minstry of Education Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,青藏高原地球系统与资源环境国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [3]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第22期3268-3282,共15页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2018YFA0606404);青藏高原地球系统与资源环境重点实验室(TPESER)青年创新重点项目(TPESERQNCX2022ZD-04);青藏高原地球系统基础科学中心项目(41988101)资助。

摘　　要：陆地地表水(简称地表水)是地球系统的重要组成部分,也是人类赖以生存的重要水资源储备地.然而,地表水的分布范围广,空间异质性强,受到自然和人类诸多因素的综合影响,正经历着剧烈变化,对生态系统和社会的可持续发展产生着深远影响.在这样的背景下,遥感技术因其广泛覆盖、长时序观测的特性而日益成为研究地表水时空变化不可或缺的关键工具.本文从地表水遥感监测的数据源、方法、主要内容和发展趋势等方面对现有研究进行了综述.研究发现,近十年来,地表水遥感监测正处于黄金发展期.光学遥感数据源,如Landsat、Sentinel-2等,在地表水环境监测中发挥着主导作用.全球地表水数据产品,如Global Surface Water(GSW),为大区域地表水研究提供了有力支持.然而,新兴的大数据方法,例如深度学习,在地表水研究中仍显薄弱.受到光学遥感监测方法的局限,对于水库、湿地等特殊类型地表水的研究滞后于对大型湖泊等水体的研究.同时,中国、美国、欧洲和加拿大等地成为地表水研究的热点区域,而在经济欠发达、气候较干旱的地区,对地表水的研究相对较少.未来的研究需要更多关注极端气候变化下的地表水动态,提高对野外调查困难地表水(如热融湖和冰川湖)的识别能力.特别需要加强深度学习等大数据新方法在地表水研究中的应用,以推动对地表水更全面的认识,为地球系统研究和可持续发展提供关键支持.Terrestrial surface waters,which include rivers,lakes,reservoirs,marshes,and wetlands,are distributed in the terrestrial surface layer and are crucial components of the Earth’s system and essential for human survival.Additionally,they serve as an indicator of changes in climate and human activities.In recent years,influenced by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors,surface waters have undergone significant changes in their range,morphology,water volume,and physicochemical properties.Over the past century,increased demand for water resources,water pollution,and inadequate management has exacerbated the conflict between humans and water resources.Consequently,there is an urgent need for macroscopic,rapid,and effective observations of surface waters,including quantification of their volume,extraction rates and dynamic changes.Remote sensing has become an indispensable means of acquiring information on surface water resources.Compared to traditional field surveys,remote sensing offers advantages such as large-area coverage,low cost,high frequency,and rich spectral information,significantly facilitating understanding of the spatial distribution and changes of surface waters.In recent decades,with the rapid development of sensors,water indices,machine learning algorithms,and cloud computing environments,surface water research has entered an unprecedented era of big data.Driven by the development of various sensors such as optical,thermal infrared,microwave,and lidar,massive amounts of observational data with multiple spatiotemporal resolutions are being captured and applied in various fields of surface water research.However,a systematic review and discussion on the characteristics,key methods,and development trends of overall satellite remote sensing monitoring of surface water is still missing.This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing research on surface water remote sensing monitoring,covering data sources,methods,main content,and development trends,identifying the challenges and opportun

关 键 词：地表水 遥感观测 大数据 地球系统科学 可持续发展 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]