mRNA疫苗预防病毒性传染病的研究现状  

Current Status of Research on mRNA Vaccines Against Viral Infectious Diseases

作　　者：胡亚萍 于正洪[1] HU Yaping;YU Zhenghong(Jinling Clinical Medical College,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210002,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学金陵临床医学院,南京210002

出　　处：《生物技术进展》2024年第4期566-575,共10页Current Biotechnology

基　　金：2020年后勤科研计划面上项目(CLB20J023)。

摘　　要：mRNA疫苗通过传递编码病原体蛋白的遗传信息信使RNA,激活人体免疫系统产生针对特定病原体的保护性免疫反应。mRNA疫苗的优势在于其快速研发、高度针对性以及可通过结构优化提供长效保护,为未来疫苗研发提供了革命性的新途径。目前,基于mRNA预防病毒传染病的疫苗已经应用于新型冠状病毒感染(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)、流感、狂犬病等。总结了mRNA疫苗的研发历程、结构特性以及作用机理,阐述了其在几种特定病毒性疾病中的应用情况、临床效果以及存在的局限性,提出了mRNA疫苗在应对病毒性传染病时所面临的机遇与挑战,并展望了其在未来病毒性传染病防控中的应用前景,以期为mRNA疫苗的研发和应用提供参考。The mRNA vaccine activates the human immune system to produce protective immune responses against specific pathogens by delivering messenger RNA encoding pathogen proteins.The advantages of mRNA vaccines lie in their rapid development,high specificity,and the ability to provide long-term protection through structural optimization,offering a revolutionary new approach for future vaccine development.Currently,mRNA-based vaccines for the prevention of viral infectious diseases have been applied in diseases such as corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19),influenza and rabies.This review summarized the development history,structural characteristics,and mechanism of action of mRNA vaccines,elaborated on their application,clinical efficacy,and limitations in several specific viral diseases,proposed the challenges and opportunities faced by mRNA vaccines in responsing to viral infectious diseases,and looked forward to their application prospects in the prevention and control of future viral infectious diseases,with the aim of providing a reference for the research,development and application of mRNA vaccines.

关 键 词：mRNA疫苗 病毒性传染病 结构特征 临床应用 

分 类 号：R392-33[医药卫生—免疫学] S859.797[医药卫生—基础医学]