论司法对国际商事仲裁的介入限度——以《反外国制裁法》第12条为中心  

Limits of Judicial Intervention on International Commercial Arbitration:Focusing on Article 12 of Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of the People s Republic of China

作　　者：霍政欣[1] 陈静 HUO Zhengxin;CHEN Jing(School of International Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《商业经济与管理》2024年第7期75-86,共12页Journal of Business Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“《反外国制裁法》的司法适用问题研究”(23AFX024)。

摘　　要：《反外国制裁法》第12条和《阻断办法》第9条初步搭建了我国反制裁追偿诉讼制度,但前者规定更加宽泛,赋予我国当事人针对根据外国歧视性限制措施作出的仲裁裁决提起反制裁追偿诉讼的权利,会与国际商事仲裁制度产生多方面冲突。为更好统筹发展与安全,应将反制裁追偿诉讼中司法对仲裁的介入控制在合理且必要的限度内,以在增强涉外法律斗争能力和支持商事仲裁制度营造良好涉外法治环境之间保持平衡。总体上,人民法院应审慎适用追偿诉讼条款,优先利用《纽约公约》公共政策保留和互惠原则阻断外国单边经济制裁的域外适用和相关仲裁裁决的效力;特定场景下,适用追偿诉讼条款作为兜底性的司法救济渠道。China has established a preliminary framework for anti-sanctions recovery litigation through Article 12 of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Act(AFSA)and Article 9 of the Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures(Blocking Rules).However,there are notable differences in the provisions of these articles.Article 12 of the AFSA is more broadly defined,authorizing Chinese parties to initiate anti-sanctions recovery litigation to contest arbitral awards made on the basis of discriminatory restrictive measures by foreign countries.The application of this provision may conflict with the commercial arbitration system.In order to better balance development and security,it is necessary to maintain equilibrium between counteracting foreign sanctions to safeguard national security and supporting the commercial arbitration system to maintain a favorable foreign-related rule of law environment.To that end,in cases of anti-sanctions recovery litigation,judicial intervention should be controlled within reasonable and necessary limits in scenarios involving international commercial arbitration.Overall,the recovery litigation should be applied cautiously,with priority given to utilizing the public policy reservation of the New York Convention and reciprocity principle to block the extraterritorial application of foreign unilateral economic sanctions and the effect of relevant arbitral awards.In specific scenarios,the application of recovery litigation clauses should serve as a last-resort judicial remedy.

关 键 词：追偿诉讼条款 《反外国制裁法》 国际商事仲裁 司法介入 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学] D996[政治法律—法学]